Prediction of Students Academic Execution Using K-Means and K-Medoids Clustering Technique

Agrawal, Shubham; Nigam, Sumit; Sahu, Kapil

doi:10.1109/icoei.2018.8553747

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…S was calculated as the ratio of

U_{{normalH}^{+}}

U_{{Fe}^{2 +}}

at a certain dialysis times ( t; h), as in a reported work . U was defined as follows:

U = \frac{M}{A t Δ C}

where M is the amount of the transported component (mol), A is the effective area (m), and Δ C is the logarithm‐average concentration between the two chambers (mol/m) and is defined as follows:

Δ C = \frac{C_{f}^{0} - C_{d}^{t} - C_{f}^{t}}{\ln [(C_{f}^{0} - C_{d}^{t}) / C_{f}^{t}]}

where

C_{f}^{0}

and

C_{f}^{t}

are the feed concentrations at dialysis times of 0 and t , respectively, and

C_{d}^{t}

is the dialysate concentration at t…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct discharge of these waste solutions cause serious environmental pollution and the waste of useful resources. Therefore, the resource utilization of pickling wastewater is an urgent problem to be addressed from environmental protection and economic benefit perspectives . There are various methods for the treatment of acidic waste liquors; these methods include pyrohydrolysis, neutralization and precipitation, crystallization, electrodialysis, and diffusion dialysis (DD) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of 2,2′,6,6′‐tetramethyl biphenol‐based anion‐exchange membranes on the diffusion dialysis of hydrochloride acid

Yu-bao

Chen

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Quaternary ammonium functionalized poly(arylene ether) (QPAE-Br) membranes based on 2,2 0 ,6,6 0 -tetramethyl biphenol for diffusion dialysis (DD) were designed and successfully fabricated via nucleophilic substitution polycondensation, bromination, film casting, and quaternization. The structures, thicknesses, ion-exchange capacities (IECs), water uptakes, swelling ratios, ion conductivities, and mechanical properties of QPAE-Br were used to characterize the membranes. The influence of the membrane structures on the DD performances was investigated by DD tests of simulated industrial pickling wastewater (1 mol/L HCl, 0.1 mol/L FeCl 2 ). The DD results show QPAE-a (IEC 5 1.51 mmol/g) as the best DD candidate. Predialysis treatments further improved the DD performances of QPAE-Br. QPAE-a exhibited an excellent proton diffusion coefficient (U H 1 ) of 0.033 m/h and a high separation factor (S) of 95.45 after the predialysis treatment at room temperature; these values were much higher than those of the commercial DF-120B membrane (0.004 m/h for U H 1 and 24.3 for S at 25 8C) and other reported DD membranes. QPAE-a has great potential for acid recovery via DD.

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“…S was calculated as the ratio of

U_{{normalH}^{+}}

U_{{Fe}^{2 +}}

at a certain dialysis times ( t; h), as in a reported work . U was defined as follows:

U = \frac{M}{A t Δ C}

where M is the amount of the transported component (mol), A is the effective area (m), and Δ C is the logarithm‐average concentration between the two chambers (mol/m) and is defined as follows:

Δ C = \frac{C_{f}^{0} - C_{d}^{t} - C_{f}^{t}}{\ln [(C_{f}^{0} - C_{d}^{t}) / C_{f}^{t}]}

where

C_{f}^{0}

and

C_{f}^{t}

are the feed concentrations at dialysis times of 0 and t , respectively, and

C_{d}^{t}

is the dialysate concentration at t…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of 2,2′,6,6′‐tetramethyl biphenol‐based anion‐exchange membranes on the diffusion dialysis of hydrochloride acid

Yu-bao

Chen

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…Since acidic wastewater poses a serious threat to our environment, the treatment and utilization for acidic wastewater has received substantial attention 1–5 . Diffusion dialysis (DD) technique was widely used for recovering acidic wastewater because of the less energy consumption, low cost, easy operation, environment‐friendly, and high efficiency 6–10 . The anion exchange membrane for recovering waste acid via DD has some main performance requirements, such as appropriate ion exchange capacity (IEC), high ion permeability selectivity, low water permeability coefficient and salt diffusion coefficient, stable chemical and mechanical properties, uniform surface thickness, and so forth 3,11–13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxiliary functional group diffusion dialysis membranes for acid recovery

Cheng

Shen

Gong

et al. 2022

Journal of Polymer Science

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Anion exchange membranes with auxiliary group were prepared by quaternized brominated polyphenylene oxide and hydroxyl tertiary amine. The basic properties of the membrane were characterized using ion exchange capacity, water content, linear expansion rate, thermal weight loss, acid resistance and microstructure of membrane, and so forth. The application of the membrane in the recovery of acid by diffusion dialysis (DD) was also explored showing the excellent comprehensive performance where the dialysis coefficient of HCl (U H+ ) increases from 0.011 to 0.033 m/h, but the separation factor (S) is over 35.6. Comparing with the commercial DF-120 membrane (0.009 m/h, 18.5), the auxiliary hydroxyl with group can improve DD performance of the membrane markedly. Our finding shows the membranes with auxiliary hydroxyl group developed here have great potential for high-efficiency acid recovery by diffusion dialysis.

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“…This area of research appears to be particularly relevant since ABFBs not only use affordable electrolytes but can also be used for acidic and alkaline wastewater disposal, which are produced in great amounts at various plants around the world. Thus, metallurgy, electroplating, pharmaceutical production, and mining produce a large amount of hazardous acidic wastewater: [6] for example, in the European Union around 30×10 4 m 3 of spent pickling solutions are produced per year with hydrochloric acid concentration from 0.3 to 4.1 M [7,8] . On the other hand, coal combustion, lime production, chrome ore processing, cement production, alumina mining, iron and steel production, and waste incineration lead to the formation of alkaline wastes [9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Membrane Acid‐Base Flow Battery with Hydrogen Electrodes for Neutralization‐to‐Electrical Energy Conversion

et al. 2021

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Acid‐base flow batteries (ABFB) are a promising and environmentally benign class of flow batteries that utilize neutralization energy. Among the other flow batteries, ABFBs stand out with low cost and high solubility of the electrolytes and the possibility to harvest neutralization energy of acidic and alkaline wastewaters. However, the main ABFB issues, such as low power caused by discharge current limitation and low energy density, are limiting the possibility of their implementation. In this work, a novel two‐membrane ABFB with two hydrogen electrodes was developed to overcome main ABFB issues. The proposed concept demonstrated high power density up to 6.1 mW cm−2 at 13 mA cm−2. It was shown that battery performance was greatly limited by negative electrode overvoltage. Analysis of the voltage losses allowed to estimate main power losses and highlight the possible ways to its minimization.

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Prediction of Students Academic Execution Using K-Means and K-Medoids Clustering Technique

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Influence of 2,2′,6,6′‐tetramethyl biphenol‐based anion‐exchange membranes on the diffusion dialysis of hydrochloride acid

Influence of 2,2′,6,6′‐tetramethyl biphenol‐based anion‐exchange membranes on the diffusion dialysis of hydrochloride acid

Auxiliary functional group diffusion dialysis membranes for acid recovery

Two‐Membrane Acid‐Base Flow Battery with Hydrogen Electrodes for Neutralization‐to‐Electrical Energy Conversion

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