Prediction of Soil Temperatures of a Soil Mulched with Transparent Polyethylene

Mahrer, Y.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1979)018<1263:postoa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 64 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We observed that variation in temperature at different soil depths was greatly influenced by weather conditions (cloudy, sunny, rainy days with different air temperature and humidity). These observations agree with the findings of Katan (1981) and Mahrer (1979), who stated that temperatures in mulched soil vary with air temperature, humidity, radiation, wind velocity and soil characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of soil solarization on corn stalk rot

1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seven weeks solarization of irrigated soil raised its temperature by 11.5 °C over non-solarized soil at 10 cm depth and effectively controlled weeds (98.5%), stalk borer (8.9%) and stalk rot disease (69.1%) in corn. Solarization also reduced symptoms of Fusarium moniliforme and Macrophomina phaseolina significantly by 64.2% and 78.4%, respectively, and completely controlled M. phaseolina in corn cultivars, viz. Pool-10, Shaheen and Gauher. Whereas symptoms of F. moniliforme were observed in these cultivars, Fusarium graminearum was not observed except in two cultivars, Shaheen and Akbar. Growth of crop planted in solarized plots was better and it yielded almost one to three times more grains in cultivars under test. Soil analysis immediately following solarization revealed that essential elements were readily available in simpler forms, which may have increased pest resistance and reduced stalk breakage.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of soil solarization on corn stalk rot

1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chemical disinfection of the soil eradicates both beneficial and harmful biota, creating a vacuum, which is typically filled by pathogens (Gamliel principle of solarization is simple, its mode of action is complex, because it involves not only the destruction of propagules, but also generates shifts in microbial populations and activity, and changes the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The change mainly depends on increasing soil temperatures reached during solarization (Le Bihan et al, 1997;Mauromicale et al, 2005a), as a consequence of the greenhouse effect created but, also partially, due to the elimination of evaporation (Mahrer, 1979). Technical improvements in the efficacy of solarization could enable its use to be extended beyond its current limits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved efficiency of soil solarization for growth and yield of greenhouse tomatoes

Mauromicale¹,

Monaco²,

Longo³

2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Soil solarization is a pre-planting treatment not based on chemicals, used in hot climates to control weeds and soil-borne pathogens. Its effectiveness has been widely demonstrated, for example, in the USA, Spain, Portugal, Egypt, Italy, Mexico, India and Iraq. However, an improvement in efficacy is needed before it can be widely adapted as a commercial practice. Supplementation of the soil with organic matter prior to solarization has been proposed as a management option, but its effectiveness has yet to be confirmed by any systematic study. Therefore, here we carried out a set of experiments in southern Italy over two seasons to study the effect of four levels of organic supplementation of 0, 0.35, 0.70 and 1.05 kg m −2 prior to solarization. Soil temperature and its chemical properties, as well as plant vegetation growth and fruit production were monitored for tomato plants grown under commercial greenhouse conditions. Organic supplementation increased the maximum soil temperature achieved through solarization by 3.9• C to 4.7 • C. At 5 cm below the soil surface, a temperature of over 52 • C prevailed for 22 to 23 days when 0.70 kg m −2 organic supplement was incorporated, and for 14 to 13 days in the presence of 0.35 kg m −2 supplement, but this temperature was attained only for one day in the absence of any supplement. Organic supplementation significantly increased the soil concentration of NO − 3 -N, exchangeable K 2 O, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ and electrical conductivity. Increased available P 2 O 5 and total N at the end of the crop cycle were also associated with supplementation of solarized soil. Plant vegetative growth was improved by supplementation, with crop plant stem diameter enhanced by up to 18%, above-ground vegetative fresh and dry weight by up to, respectively, 53 and 44%, and the number of leaves per plant by up to 16%. As the supplementation rate was raised from 0 to 0.70 kg m −2 , fruit yield was increased by about 70% (from 4.9 to 8.3 kg plant −1 ). Organic matter supplementation may provide the basis for a more favorable sink/source balance for tomato cropping. We conclude that organic supplementation represents a beneficial management measure to increase the effectiveness of soil solarization, and that these results provide encouragement for the future commercial application of this environmentally-friendly technique.soil solarization / organic supplementation / soil properties / tomato / plant growth / fruit yield

show abstract

“…These serve to trap solar energy, thereby heating the soil sufficiently to destroy soil pests, weeds and other microbes. The temperature increase achieved is primarily the result of the elimination of evaporation, but also partially due to the greenhouse effect created (Mahrer, 1979). Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in thirty countries, including USA, Spain, Portugal, Egypt, Italy, Mexico, India and Iraq (Katan, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root nodulation and nitrogen accumulation and partitioning in legume crops as affected by soil solarization

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soil solarization is a preplanting technique used in hot climates to control weeds and soilborne pathogens consisting of mulching the soil surface with polyethylene sheets. The increase in temperature associated with solarized soil could affect nitrogen availability for grain legume crops through effects on nitrogen fixing soil microorganisms or other mechanisms. To examine the effects of solarization on natural root nodulation and nitrogen accumulation and partitioning in the plant, two solarization field experiments were carried out over two planting seasons, involving genotypes of both faba bean (Vicia faba) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The effect of sowing date was also studied in the first season. Solarization increased the maximum soil temperature by 9-10°C in the first, and by 13-15°C in the second season. At 5 cm below the solarized soil surface, a temperature of over 46°C prevailed for 146 and 280 h over the two respective seasons, while this temperature was not attained in unmulched soil. Solarization delayed the initiation of nodulation and consistently reduced the nodule number per host plant, but generated an approximate doubling of mean nodule weight. The total nodule mass per plant was not affected by the treatment in the first season, but was reduced in the second season. Solarization significantly increased the concentrations of NO 3 À -N, Na + , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ and K + in the soil extract, and the total nitrogen accumulated in the whole plant. This latter increase was due to both higher plant growth and a greater plant nitrogen concentration. The increased nitrogen level in the plant was not uniform with respect to plant component, varying from 57% in the roots to 198% in the pods and seeds. The plants grown in non-solarized soil accumulated about 31% of their total N content in the shoots of the parasitic weed Orobanche crenata. Solarization dramatically improved grain yield by 300-900% in both seasons and in all genotypes studied, due to increased N availability in soil, N accumulation in plants, improved plant growth, and complete control of the parasite weed O. crenata. On the basis of these beneficial effects, soil solarization, which avoids site contamination and is suited to organic farming, should be a good opportunity in Mediterranean areas where the level and stability of grain yields are low, and the infestation of O. crenata is high.

show abstract

Prediction of Soil Temperatures of a Soil Mulched with Transparent Polyethylene

Cited by 64 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of soil solarization on corn stalk rot

Effect of soil solarization on corn stalk rot

Improved efficiency of soil solarization for growth and yield of greenhouse tomatoes

Root nodulation and nitrogen accumulation and partitioning in legume crops as affected by soil solarization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About