Background: The long-term outcomes of patients discharged from the hospital after successful care in intensive care unit (ICU) are not briskly evaluated in Korea. The aim of this study was to assess long-term mortality of patients treated in the ICU and discharged alive from the hospital and to identify predictive factors of mortality. Methods: In 3,679 adult patients discharged alive from the hospital after ICU care between 2006 and 2011, the 1-year mortality rate (primary outcome measure) was investigated. Various factors were entered into multivariate analysis to identify independent factors of 1-year mortality, including sex, age, severity of illness (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] II score), mechanical ventilation, malignancy, readmission, type of admission (emergency, elective surgery, and medical), and diagnostic category (trauma and non-trauma). Results: The 1-year mortality rate was 13.4%. Risk factors that were associated with 1-year mortality included age (hazard ratio: 1.03 [95% CI,