Prediction of real-time NO based on the in-cylinder pressure in Diesel engines

Park, Wonah; Liu, Junyong; Min, Kyoungdoug; Yu, Jun; Park, Seungil; Cho, Sung-Hwan

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.170

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…From the CFD analysis of the diesel combustion cycle at various operating conditions, the average NO formation rate was confirmed to be proportional to the maximum NO formation rate at the maximum burned-gas temperature [38]. Moreover, the maximum burned gas temperature for the NO x correlation should not be the maximum value over the cycle but the maximum value during the burning of the main injection [12,38]. In the engine, combustion is not the only source of a changing temperature.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Cycle-averaged No Formation Ratementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The first step to determine the T SOC is the rate of heat release (ROHR) calculation [38,39] from the in-cylinder pressure. After the ROHR calculation, the SOC is selected to the minimum value after the main injection starts, and therefore, P SOC can be selected from the measured cylinder pressure.…”

Section: Determination Of the Adiabatic Flame Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous work [30,38], only the NO formation rate and duration were taken into account to predict the engine-out NO. However, as shown in the optical experiments [40], the high-temperature reaction area could be expanded due to the high injection pressure while the burn duration decreased.…”

Section: Determination Of the No Formation Area And Durationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Real-Time Virtual Nitric Oxide Sensor for Light-Duty Diesel Engines

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

Energies

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This study describes the development of a semi-physical, real-time nitric oxide (NO) prediction model that is capable of cycle-by-cycle prediction in a light-duty diesel engine. The model utilizes the measured in-cylinder pressure and information obtained from the engine control unit (ECU). From the inputs, the model takes into account the pilot injection burning and mixing, which affects the in-cylinder mixture formation. The representative in-cylinder temperature for NO formation was determined from the mixture composition calculation. The selected temperature and mixture composition was substituted using a simplified form of the NO formation rate equation for the cycle-by-cycle estimation. The reactive area and the duration of NO formation were assumed to be limited by the fuel quantity. The model predictability was verified not only using various steady-state conditions, including the variation of the EGR rate, the boost pressure, the rail pressure, and the injection timing, but also using transient conditions, which represent the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTC). The WLTC NO prediction results produced less than 3% error with the measured value. In addition, the proposed model maintained its reliability in terms of hardware aging, the changing and artificial perturbations during steady-state and transient engine operations. The model has been shown to require low computational effort because of the cycle-by-cycle, engine-out NO emission prediction and control were performed simultaneously in an embedded system for the automotive application. We expect that the developed NO prediction model can be helpful in emission calibration during the engine design stage or in the real-time controlling of the exhaust NO emission for improving fuel consumption while satisfying NO emission legislation.

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Section: Calculation Of the Cycle-averaged No Formation Ratementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Determination Of the Adiabatic Flame Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Real-Time Virtual Nitric Oxide Sensor for Light-Duty Diesel Engines

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

Energies

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“…The most accurate methodology to simulate such phenomena is based on the use of 3D CFD models [9]. Due to their high spatial resolution these models feature a high computational complexity and thus long computing times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time capable virtual NO_x sensor for diesel engines based on a two-Zone thermodynamic model

Vihar

Baškovič

Katrašnik

2018

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP Energies nouvel

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Abstract. This paper presents a control-oriented thermodynamic model capable of predicting nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions in diesel engines. It is derived from zero-dimensional combustion model using in-cylinder pressure as the input. The methodology is based on a two-zone thermodynamic model which divides the combustion chamber into a burned and unburned gas zone. The original contribution of proposed method arises from: (1) application of a detailed two-zone modeling framework, developed in a way that the thermodynamic equations could be solved in a closed form without iterative procedure, which provides the basis for achieving high level of predictiveness, on the level of real-time capable models and (2) introduction of relative air-fuel ratio during combustion as a main and physically motivated calibration parameter of the NO x model. The model was calibrated and validated using data sets recorded in two different direct injection diesel engines, i.e. a light and a heavy-duty engine. The model is suitable for real-time applications since it takes less than a cycle to complete the entire closed cycle thermodynamic calculation including NO x prediction, which opens the possibility of integration in the engine control unit for closed-loop or feed-forward control.

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“…To overcome this drawback, zero-dimensional, two-zone [13][14][15] or multizone [16][17][18] models can be used. Furthermore, fully empirical/statistical [19][20][21] or semiempirical models [22][23][24][25][26][27] which present very low computational cost can be employed. However, for the calibration of these models (i.e., coefficients determination) a comprehensive experimental database is required, but even then, due to the lack of physical base, they can provide adequate predictions only inside the range that they have been calibrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Semiempirical, Zero-Dimensional, Multizone Model to Predict Nitric Oxide Emissions in DI Diesel Engines’ Combustion Chamber

Savva

Hountalas

2016

Journal of Combustion

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In the present study, a semiempirical, zero-dimensional multizone model, developed by the authors, is implemented on two automotive diesel engines, a heavy-duty truck engine and a light-duty passenger car engine with pilot fuel injection, for various operating conditions including variation of power/speed, EGR rate, fuel injection timing, fuel injection pressure, and boost pressure, to verify its capability for Nitric Oxide (NO) emission prediction. The model utilizes cylinder's basic geometry and engine operating data and measured cylinder pressure to estimate the apparent combustion rate which is then discretized into burning zones according to the calculation step used. The requisite unburnt charge for the combustion in the zones is calculated using the zone equivalence ratio provided from a new empirical formula involving parameters derived from the processing of the measured cylinder pressure and typical engine operating parameters. For the calculation of NO formation, the extended Zeldovich mechanism is used. From this approach, the model is able to provide the evolution of NO formation inside each burned zone and, cumulatively, the cylinder's NO formation history. As proven from the investigation conducted herein, the proposed model adequately predicts NO emissions and NO trends when the engine settings vary, with low computational cost. These encourage its use for engine control optimization regarding NO x abatement and real-time/model-based NO x control applications.

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Prediction of real-time NO based on the in-cylinder pressure in Diesel engines

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Development of a Real-Time Virtual Nitric Oxide Sensor for Light-Duty Diesel Engines

Development of a Real-Time Virtual Nitric Oxide Sensor for Light-Duty Diesel Engines

Real-time capable virtual NO_x sensor for diesel engines based on a two-Zone thermodynamic model

Evaluation of a Semiempirical, Zero-Dimensional, Multizone Model to Predict Nitric Oxide Emissions in DI Diesel Engines’ Combustion Chamber

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Prediction of real-time NO based on the in-cylinder pressure in Diesel engines

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Development of a Real-Time Virtual Nitric Oxide Sensor for Light-Duty Diesel Engines

Development of a Real-Time Virtual Nitric Oxide Sensor for Light-Duty Diesel Engines

Real-time capable virtual NOx sensor for diesel engines based on a two-Zone thermodynamic model

Evaluation of a Semiempirical, Zero-Dimensional, Multizone Model to Predict Nitric Oxide Emissions in DI Diesel Engines’ Combustion Chamber

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Real-time capable virtual NO_x sensor for diesel engines based on a two-Zone thermodynamic model