Prediction of primary salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in South African soils

Nell, J. P.; Huyssteen, C. W. van

doi:10.1080/02571862.2017.1345015

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Results from irrigation water quality analysis showed a higher value in SAR with 1.11 mileq/L, which is higher than the value obtained in the soil, however, although the SAR value in water is higher than the one in soil, it still falls within the safe irrigation water boundary according to Burger and Celkova [68]. The EC obtained in water is also higher than the one obtained from soil, which is still within the safe saline levels according to another study [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Determination of Soil Electrical Conductivity and Moisture on Different Soil Layers Using Electromagnetic Techniques in Irrigated Arid Environments in South Africa

Ratshiedana

Elbasit

Adam

et al. 2023

Water

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Precise adjustments of farm management activities, such as irrigation and soil treatment according to site-specific conditions, are crucial. With advances in smart agriculture and sensors, it is possible to reduce the cost of water and soil treatment inputs but still realize optimal yields and high-profit returns. However, achieving precise application requirements cannot be efficiently practiced with spatially disjointed information. This study assessed the potential of using an electromagnetic induction device (EM38-MK) to cover this gap. An EM38-MK was used to measure soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) as a covariate to determine soil salinity status and soil water content θ post irrigation at four depth layers (Hz: 0–0.25 m; Hz: 0–0.75 m; Vz: 0.50–1 m). The inverse distance weighting method was used to generate the spatial distribution thematic layers of electrical conductivity. The statistical measures showed an R2 = 0.87; r > 0.7 and p ≤ 0.05 on correlation of ECa and SWC. Based on the South African salinity class of soils, the area was not saline ECa < 200 mS/m. The EM38-MK can be used to estimate soil salinity and SWC variability using ECa as a proxy, allowing precise estimations with depths and in space. These findings provide key information that can aid in irrigation scheduling and soil management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…All apparent electrical conductivity readings from the EM38 were inspected for out of range, including negative and zero, readings. Electrical conductivity readings from each survey station were corrected for temperature effects using [56] Equation (1) given as:…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Soil Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Soil Electrical Conductivity and Moisture on Different Soil Layers Using Electromagnetic Techniques in Irrigated Arid Environments in South Africa

Ratshiedana

Elbasit

Adam

et al. 2023

Water

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“…The chosen cultivars were representative of a specific region in which each was among the top performing cultivars ( Agricultural Research Council, 2018). The EC levels represent a gradual increase in EC from low (representing nonsaline soil) to very high (representing strongly saline soil) (Hussain et al., 2019; Nell & van Huyssteen, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Western Cape Province of South Africa, a decline in river water quality over time has indicated that soil salinity and sodicity are increasing across the region (Görgens & de Clercq, 2005). Only 34% of the soils in the Western Cape Province are nonsaline and have an EC of less than 2 dS m −1 (Nell & van Huyssteen, 2018). Salinity and sodicity not only pose a significant risk to crop production in this region but also in many other semiarid parts of the world (Ahmed et al, 2019;Hussain et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of salinity on the germination of wheat and barley in South Africa

Bagwasi

Agenbag

Swanepoel

2020

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Field crops are most susceptible to salt stress in the early stages of growth. There is a general belief that barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is more salt‐tolerant than wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), yet little is known regarding the response of different South African wheat and barley cultivars to saline conditions. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of salinity on seed germination in three South African spring wheat cultivars (SST 027, SST 056, and SST 087) and three spring barley cultivars (Nemesia, Erica, and Hessekwa). The experiment was conducted in petri dishes in a growth incubator at a constant temperature of 20 °C for 7 d. Seeds were exposed to five NaCl solutions with electrical conductivity (EC) levels of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 dS m−1 and were compared with those exposed to a solution with an EC of 0 dS m−1 (distilled water), which served as a control. The experiment design was a completely randomized design. The study showed that salinity influenced seed germination in all wheat and barley cultivars. Although all cultivars showed a reduction in total germination percentage with increasing salinity from EC levels of 0 to 20 dS m−1, the differences were only significant (P < .05) at high EC levels (16–20 dS m−1). Wheat cultivars outperformed barley cultivars at EC levels of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 dS m−1. The study showed that salinity influenced seed germination in both wheat and barley, but barley was less salt‐tolerant during germination than wheat.

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“…The Agricultural Research Council -Soil, Climate and Water (ARC-SCW 2009), supplied the maps that were used to generate data on climate (mean annual rainfall, mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures) and soil (phosphorus and pH) within each QDGC. The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) assigned to each bioregion was sourced from Nell (2010). The biomes map of Rutherford et al (2006) was used as a base layer for plotting the different grasschoria using the QDGCs assigned to each unique grasschorion.…”

Section: Distribution Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographical patterns of grasses (Poaceae) indigenous to South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini

Trytsman

Müller

Morris

et al. 2021

African Journal of Range & Forage Science

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The grass family, Poaceae (Gramineae) is considered the most valuable plant family in food production worldwide. In addition to its importance as a grain crop (e.g. maize, wheat and rice), its tolerance to grazing, fire and drought, makes grasses a significant component of livestock feed, mainly sourced from rangeland and/or planted pastures. Soreng et al. (2017) recognised at least 11 506 grass species worldwide of which approximately 685 species are indigenous to southern Africa (Trytsman et al. 2020).Considering that in southern Africa only eight indigenous grass species were extensively researched in the past century (Truter et al. 2015), the wealth of grass genetic resources, indigenous to the subcontinent, still needs to be prioritised, conserved and developed for forage production.The classification and distribution of southern African grasses that included Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland were described by Gibbs Russell et al. (1990) and was updated by Fish et al. (2015). Studies on the biogeographical patterns of grasses in relation to southern African vegetation types are, however, limited. Then again, there are numerous phytogeographical studies on the southern African flora, which include those by

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Prediction of primary salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in South African soils

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Determination of Soil Electrical Conductivity and Moisture on Different Soil Layers Using Electromagnetic Techniques in Irrigated Arid Environments in South Africa

Determination of Soil Electrical Conductivity and Moisture on Different Soil Layers Using Electromagnetic Techniques in Irrigated Arid Environments in South Africa

Effect of salinity on the germination of wheat and barley in South Africa

Biogeographical patterns of grasses (Poaceae) indigenous to South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini

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