Prediction of petroleum formation: the influence of laboratory heating rates on kinetic parameters and geological extrapolations

An experimental comparison of gas generation from three oil fractions: Implications for the chemical and stable carbon isotopic signatures of oil cracking gas

“…The final pressure was adjusted and maintained around 50 MPa by pumping water into or out of the vessels during the experiment. As the kinetic parameters derived from experiments with low heating rates seem more reasonable when extrapolated to geological conditions (Schenk and Dieckmann, 2004), the present experiment used two slow heating rates of 2°C/h and 20°C/h, a procedure which has been used in many previous experiments and proven to be satisfactory for kinetic analysis (Tang et al, 1996;Xiong et al, 2004;Hill et al, 2007). The temperature was first programmed from room temperature to 250°C in 12 h, and then to 600°C at the two different heating rates of 2°C/h and 20°C/h.…”

Thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions between C1-C3 hydrocarbons and calcium sulfate in deep carbonate reservoirs

“…According to the literature on hydrocarbon generation, the vitrinite reflectance of source rocks is 2.0-3.0% at temperatures of 450-700°C, which correspond to the temperatures of 160-200°C in geological settings. (Burnham and Sweeney, 1989;Cheng et al, 1996;Huang, 1996;Schenk and Dieckmann, 2004). Therefore, it seems likely that the reactions of hydrocarbons with sulfate take place in deeply buried carbonate sediments.…”

Burial, Temperature and Maturation History of the Austral and Western Malvinas Basins, Southern Argentina, Based on 3d Basin Modelling

“…Using these bulk kinetic parameters, the generation rates and transformation ratios (temperature and timing of petroleum generation) were calculated for a heating rate of 3°C/Ma. This heating rate corresponds to an average value for sedimentary basins (Schenk and Dieckmann, 2004) and is also justified for the Austral- Malvinas Basin. Accordingly, petroleum generation is expected to take place in a temperature interval between 100 and 200°C, with peak generation at 140°C (Fig.…”

“…The sample was analyzed by non-isothermal open system pyrolysis at four different heating rates (0.7, 2.0, 5.0 and 15 °C/min) using a Source Rock The pyrolysis products were transported to a FID in a constant He flow (50 mL/ min). Low heating rates were used to avoid heat transfer problems which may influence the product evolution curves, and consequently the geological predictions (Schenk and Dieckmann, 2004). The generated bulk petroleum formation curves served as input for a bulk kinetic model consisting of an activation energy distribution and a single pre-exponential factor.…”