Prediction of permeability of five-harness satin fabric by a modified Kozeny constant determined from experiments

Abstract

Permeability is a critical parameter not only in flow simulation analysis but also in liquid composite molding (LCM) process. When a liquid resin is infused into a dry preform, the impregnation is mainly characterized by the permeability. The permeability of a dry preform can be obtained through theoretical and experimental methods. In the theoretical estimation of permeability, the effects of fiber arrangement as well as fabric type and form for various types of preforms are not sufficiently reflected in the calculation. Thus, there is a gap between the theoretical and experimental permeability. Recently, experimental determination has been gaining considerable attention as a mean to obtain accurate permeability values; however, it requires a number of trials. In this study, the permeability of the Hexforce G0926 5HS (5-harness satin) carbon fabric preform is estimated using representative theoretical prediction models, the Gebart and Kozeny–Carman equations. In addition to the Kozeny–Carman permeability (using the Kozeny constant values from literature), the Kozeny constant obtained through experiments was used to obtain a modified Kozeny–Carman permeability. All three calculated permeabilities were compared and verified with the fabric manufacturer’s reference value. The results showed that the modified Kozeny–Carman permeability using the experimentally determined Kozeny constant was closest to the reference value at 57% fiber volume fraction. Further, the predicted permeability was compared with other experimental permeability values from literature over the 40%–65% range of fiber volume fraction. We found that the modified Kozeny–Carman permeability once again came closest to the literature values. Finally, an optimized fitting equation was proposed to replace the Kozeny–Carman equation for predicting the permeability of Hexforce G0926 5HS carbon fabric over the 40%–65% fiber volume fraction range.