Prediction of Pd/C Catalyst Deactivation Rate and Assessment of Optimal Operating Conditions of Industrial Hydropurification Process

Abstract

One of the key concerns of the purification section of a purified terephthalic acid (PTA) production plant is the deactivation of palladium supported on carbon (Pd/C) catalyst. In this work, the deactivation rate model of 0.5 wt % Pd/C catalyst has been developed considering temperature, active surface area, and residual catalytic activity. Moreover, the optimal operating conditions of the industrial hydropurification process have been investigated. The results show that PTA production rate (PPR) can be improved by 5.4% through 18% increase in hydrogen flow rate. Furthermore, PPR can be increased by 7.6% via the temperature rise in the reaction mixture. The optimization results further reveal that PPR can be enhanced by 17.3% by improving the feed concentration under the normal operation by means of limiting the inlet 4-carboxybenzaldehyde concentration. The research findings can be applied in the actual working plant to enhance the efficiency of the hydropurification process.

A Simple Method for Safe Determination of the Activity of Palladium on Activated Carbon Catalysts in the Hydrogenation of Cinnamic Acid to Hydrocinnamic Acid

“…The size of the Pd particle and crystals in these catalysts changes as follows: Pd/AC E < Pd/AC A < Pd/AC H < Pd/AC C . Typically, the activity of catalysts is increased by the increment of the specific surface area of the catalyst, the dispersion of Pd on the support, and the Pd active surface area, as well as the decrement of the Pd particles and crystal size. − Thus, it is expected that the activity of the catalysts will be as Pd/AC E > Pd/AC A > Pd/AC H > Pd/AC C . This procedure of activity corresponds to that obtained for the activity in the CTH and CH reactions.…”

Prediction of Industrial Catalysts Deactivation Rate Using First Principle Model and Operating Data

“…It implies that the catalyst is totally deactivated after 360 days of operation. More information on the modeling and the derivation of the deactivation rate of Pd/C catalyst are available in the published papers [19,20]. Conclusion A methodology to derive the deactivation rate of the industrial catalysts was given.…”

Electrolysis Can Be Used to Resolve Hydrogenation Pathways at Palladium Surfaces in a Membrane Reactor

“…This strategy enables the ratio of relevant active sites (i.e., face, edge, and vertice) to be manipulated, 5 − 9 thereby offering a means of identifying site-specific hydrogenation pathways and providing design principles for industrially relevant PGM catalysts. 10 , 11 …”

“…This strategy enables the ratio of relevant active sites (i.e., face, edge, and vertice) to be manipulated, 5−9 thereby offering a means of identifying site-specific hydrogenation pathways and providing design principles for industrially relevant PGM catalysts. 10,11 The hydrogenation of organic carbonyl compounds at PGM catalysts can follow different reaction pathways, 12 and thus, a number of strategies have been used to manipulate reaction rates and product selectivities. 13−17 Despite extensive efforts to probe the reaction pathways of carbonyl hydrogenation through catalyst design alone, it remains difficult to assign reaction steps to specific catalytic sites because substrate binding, surfactant, and support effects 18 confound the influence of nanoparticle morphology on the reaction.…”

“…Given that the structures of these catalysts are often ill-defined, previous mechanistic studies have utilized PGM nanocatalysts of differing sizes and shapes as a platform to develop structure–property relationships for hydrogenation. This strategy enables the ratio of relevant active sites (i.e., face, edge, and vertice) to be manipulated, − thereby offering a means of identifying site-specific hydrogenation pathways and providing design principles for industrially relevant PGM catalysts. , …”