Prediction of Parenteral Nutrition Osmolarity by Digital Refractometry

Abstract

The refractive method permits accurate PN osmolarity prediction and reasonable quality assurance before PN formulation administration.

Technology in Parenteral Nutrition Compounding

“…Refractive index has been used to verify concentrations of enteral nutrition and drugs . Chang and Yeh devised an equation to predict refractive index for 2‐in‐1 PN formulations and validated the equation with 500 prepared PNs. Chang and Yeh tested 4 predictive equations and compared them with the values measured by the refractometer.…”

“…Chang and Yeh devised an equation to predict refractive index for 2‐in‐1 PN formulations and validated the equation with 500 prepared PNs. Chang and Yeh tested 4 predictive equations and compared them with the values measured by the refractometer. They used a hand‐held refractometer, which required 1 or 2 drops of the PN formulation for measurement.…”

Evaluating the rumen‐protected lysine stability in forage‐based total mixed rations in vitro and determining the lysine Brix value

“…Thus, these results indicate that the LR from PRL products may be relatively estimated using Brix values, and a simple test using water as a dissolving agent may be used to evaluate RPL product stability in TMR. Brix value has been used to confirm the identity of amino acids solutions in single and multicomponent mixtures (Chang et al, ; Chang & Yeh, ; Mcmeekin et al, ). However, this is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to use Brix value to predict the Lys dissociation from RPL products.…”

“…Refractometry, optical determination of a liquid density, is a widely used quality assurance technique to confirm the identity of substances in a single or multicomponent mixtures in various food and beverage processing industries (Chang & Yeh, ; Dongare, Buchade, Awatade, & Shaligram, ). The refractometry principal is based on measuring the refractive index, that is, “The degree that light bends as it passes through the interface between two substances of different densities” (Chang, Chao, & Yeh, ; Chang & Yeh, ), or the so‐called Brix value, that is, “A measure of total soluble solids in a solution”(Chang & Yeh, ; Magwaza & Opara, ) using refractometers (Bradley, ; Pomeranz & Meloan, ). Refractive index and Brix value have been used to predict the composition characteristics of single and multicomponent mixtures including amino acid solutions (Chang et al, ; Chang & Yeh, ; Mcmeekin, Groves, & Hipp, ).…”

“…The refractometry principal is based on measuring the refractive index, that is, “The degree that light bends as it passes through the interface between two substances of different densities” (Chang, Chao, & Yeh, ; Chang & Yeh, ), or the so‐called Brix value, that is, “A measure of total soluble solids in a solution”(Chang & Yeh, ; Magwaza & Opara, ) using refractometers (Bradley, ; Pomeranz & Meloan, ). Refractive index and Brix value have been used to predict the composition characteristics of single and multicomponent mixtures including amino acid solutions (Chang et al, ; Chang & Yeh, ; Mcmeekin, Groves, & Hipp, ). So, to develop a simplified method to evaluate RPL solubility, we exposed the RPL products to water instead of TMR and calculated LR% using the free Lys content in the water and compared it with the Brix value.…”