Prediction of mortality in Appalachian sugar maple stands affected by dieback in southeastern Quebec, Canada

Roy, G.; Larocque, Guy R.; Ansseau, Colette

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.047

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…2e). This is similar to what was observed in a study on sugar maple decline (Roy et al 2006) and in most preliminary or short-term observations reported following the major ice storm that occurred in 1998 in northeastern North America (Boulet et al 2000;Nielsen 2000;Bédard and Majcen, unpublished results). For American beech and yellow birch, there was no significant interaction between the proportion of dead crown and any other covariate.…”

Section: Tree Levelsupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of a tree classification system in relation to mortality risk in Québec northern hardwoods

Guillemette¹,

Bédard²,

Fortin³

2008

The Forestry Chronicle

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A tree classification system was developed in the 1980s as part of a guide for tree-marking in the rehabilitation of unevenaged northern hardwood stands in Québec. It differentiates trees that are at high and low risk of mortality, trees with sawlog potential and cull trees. The risk class was assessed based on the presence of major crown and bole defects. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate this system with respect to its capacity to predict the probability of tree mortality. The variables used to classify the trees were observed in 88 experimental plots (0.5 ha) established between 1983 and 1999. Tree-level mortality probabilities were modelled for sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) to test the significance of the classification variables. The presence of decay, fungus or canker, wounds, uprooting, the death of at least 30% of the crown or of the roots, and the product class had significant (p < 0.05) effects on mortality probabilities for at least one of the 3 species studied. In the main, the results supported the tree classification system. However, this system could be modified to differentiate not only trees with a high or low mortality risk, but also to identify some very high-risk trees.Key words: northern hardwood, mortality, defect, quality, classification, selection cutting, partial cut, sugar maple, American beech, yellow birch, uneven-aged, tree-marking RÉSUMÉ Un système de classement des arbres a été conçu, durant les années 1980, afin d' orienter le marquage des arbres lors de la réhabilitation des forêts de feuillus nobles de structure inéquienne au Québec. Il sépare les arbres d'un degré de risque de mortalité élevé ou faible, de même ceux propices ou non à produire du bois d' oeuvre. Le degré de risque a été évalué selon la présence de défauts majeurs sur la cime ou le tronc. L' objectif premier de l' étude est d' évaluer la capacité de ce système de prévoir la probabilité de mortalité des arbres. Les variables de classement des arbres ont été notées dans 88 placettes expéri-mentales (0,5 ha chacune) établies de 1983 à 1999. La probabilité de mortalité des tiges a été modélisée afin de tester le niveau de signification des variables de classement de l' érable à sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.), du hêtre à grandes feuilles (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) et du bouleau jaune (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) La présence d'un champignon ou chancre, d'une blessure, de pourriture, de déracinement, de la mort d'au moins 30 % de la cime ou des racines, ainsi que la classe de produit ont eu des effets significatifs (p < 0,05) sur la probabilité de mortalité d'au moins une des 3 essences étudiées. Ces résul-tats viennent appuyer, en grande partie, le système de classement des arbres conçu durant les années 1980. Cependant, quelques modifications pourraient être apportées à ce système afin de différencier non seulement les arbres d'un degré de risque de mortalité élevé ou faible, et aussi afin d'id...

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Section: Tree Levelsupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of a tree classification system in relation to mortality risk in Québec northern hardwoods

Guillemette¹,

Bédard²,

Fortin³

2008

The Forestry Chronicle

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“…Demographic data of trees were determined by multiple factor interactions, including individual size (Hamilton 1986), competition (Kubota and Hara 1995;Kikuzawa and Umeki 1996;Umeki 2001Umeki , 2002Masaki et al 2006), and crown condition, including the DC or defoliation (Gross 1991;Dobbertin and Brang 2001;Roy et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal area growth and mortality of Betula maximowicziana affected by crown dieback in a secondary forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan

Ohno¹,

Umeki

Watanabe³

et al. 2009

Journal of Forest Research

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Since the late 1990s, decline of B. maximowicziana Regel has been observed in mature secondary forests in various parts of Hokkaido, northern Japan. To develop a method of thinning for large-timber production of B. maximowicziana, we measured basal area growth and the mortality of 217 trees during a four-year period (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003) in a 90-year-old secondary forest with serious tree damage. We analyzed growth and mortality in relation to the degree of crown dieback (DC), symmetric and asymmetric competition from neighbors, and initial tree size. Individual basal area growth decreased with increasing DC, with increasing symmetric (two-sided) competition, and with decreasing initial tree size. During the four-year period, 4.1% of the observed trees died. Logistic regression analysis revealed that mortality rate increased with increasing DC and with increasing symmetric competition. These results suggest that both growth and mortality rates were affected by the same factors (i.e., DC and symmetric competition). We concluded that the resource for which individuals were competing at the study site was underground, most likely water. Modeled growth and mortality rates can be used to improve the management of damaged forests. A management plan for the damaged study site is proposed.

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“…In the last decades, the decline of sugar maple has been widely documented in eastern Canada and north-eastern USA (McLaughlin et al 1985;Côté and Ouimet 1996;Horsley et al 2000;Sharpe 2002). Although the widespread maple decline episode of the early 1980s was somehow dampened in the 1990s in Quebec (Roy et al 2006), dieback was still observed in sugar maple forests growing on glaciated acidic soils of northeastern North-America in the last decade (Horsley et al 2000;Wilmot et al 1996;Duchesne et al 2002;McLaughlin 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar and wood chemistry of sugar maple along a gradient of soil acidity and stand health

2007

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The decline of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in forest of north-eastern North America is an important environmental issue. In this study, relationships between, soil, wood and foliar chemistry were assessed for 17 stands distributed within a large area of the Quebec sugar maple forest and that were growing on soils with a strong gradient of acidity and base saturation. There were many significant relationships between variables describing the acid-base status of the top-B soil (Ca and Mg concentrations, exchangeable acidity and base saturation) and Ca and Mn concentrations and Ca/Mn and Mg/Mn in tree tissues. Manganese was the element that showed the strongest inverse non-linear relationships with top-B soil base saturation with variance explanation of 71 and 65%, for wood and foliage, respectively. The 17 sites were divided in two groups according to their level of decline. The declining stands had significantly higher wood Mn and Mg concentrations and lower Ca/Mn ratios and significantly higher foliar Mn and lower Ca and Al concentrations. It was impossible to determine if these differences were a cause or a symptom of sugar maple health. However, the increase in Mn concentrations in tree tissues with increasing soil acidity, as well as the higher Mn concentrations in declining as compared to healthy stands suggest that Mn, as well as low Ca availability, could be an important contributing factor in the sugar maple decline.

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Prediction of mortality in Appalachian sugar maple stands affected by dieback in southeastern Quebec, Canada

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of a tree classification system in relation to mortality risk in Québec northern hardwoods

Evaluation of a tree classification system in relation to mortality risk in Québec northern hardwoods

Basal area growth and mortality of Betula maximowicziana affected by crown dieback in a secondary forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan

Foliar and wood chemistry of sugar maple along a gradient of soil acidity and stand health

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