Prediction of microstructure and ductile damage of a high-speed railway axle steel during cross wedge rolling

Huo, Yuanming; Lin, Jianguo; Bai, Qian; Wang, Baoyu; Tang, Xuefeng; Ji, Hongchao

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.09.001

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The unified viscoplastic constitutive equations were developed to predict flow stress and microstructure evolution for many types of metal materials [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Recovery, recrystallization, grain size, and dislocation density were well described in the framework of the unified viscoplastic constitutive model.…”

Section: Constitutive Equations and Microstructural Model Of 21-4nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Microstructure of a Valve Head during the Hot Forging of Steel 21-4N

Huang

et al. 2018

Metals

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Abstract:Valve microstructure is important during hot forging. Austenitic 21-4N steel is often used in exhaust valves. In this study, the microstructure evolution of the forging valve process was predicted using the internal state variables (i.e., average grain size, recrystallized fraction, and dislocation density) modus for 21-4N. First, 21-4N was subjected to hot compression tests on a Gleeble-1500D and static grain growth tests in a heating furnace. A set of uniform viscoplastic constitutive equations was established based on experimental data. Next, the determined unified constitutive equations were conducted in DEFORM-3D, and the microstructure evolution of 21-4N during forging was calculated. Finally, the simulation results of grain size evolution were validated via experiments. Results showed good consistency between the simulations and experiments. Thus, the models adequately predicted the microstructure evolution.

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Section: Constitutive Equations and Microstructural Model Of 21-4nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Microstructure of a Valve Head during the Hot Forging of Steel 21-4N

Huang

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…For example, Wang et al [10] studied AISI 5140 steel both numerically and experimentally, considering phase transformation, grain recrystallisation, and grain growth. Huo et al [11] established a unified constitutive model coupling microstructure and ductile damage to predict the microstructure evolution and damage distribution. Nevertheless, limited understanding of the key microstructural features of central crack formation has been gained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural effects on central crack formation in hot cross-wedge-rolled high-strength steel parts

et al. 2020

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Central cracking in cross-wedge-rolled workpieces results in high wastage and economic loss. Recent cross-wedge rolling tests on two batches of steel showed that one batch formed central cracks, while the other was crack-free. The batches were both nominally of the same chemical composition and thermomechanical treatment history. In addition, both batches had passed all the standard quality assessments set for conventional forging processes. It was suspected that the different cracking behaviours were due to differences in microstructure between the two as-received steel billets, and the material in cross-wedge rolling (CWR) was more sensitive to the initial microstructure compared with other forging processes due to its specific loading condition including ostensibly compression and large plastic strain. Nevertheless, no previous study of this important problem could be identified. The aim of this study is, therefore, to identify the key microstructural features determining the central crack formation behaviour in CWR. The hot workability of the as-received billets was studied under uniaxial tensile conditions using a Gleeble 3800 test machine. Scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction was applied to characterise, quantitatively analyse, and compare the chemical composition, phase, grain, and inclusions in these two billets, both at room temperature and also at the CWR temperature (1080°C). Non-metallic inclusions (oxides, sulphides, and silicates) in the billets were determined to be the main cause of the reported central cracking problem. The ductility of the steels at both room and elevated temperatures deteriorated markedly in the presence of the large volumes of inclusions. Grain boundary embrittlement occurred at the CWR temperature due to the aggregation of inclusions along the grain boundaries. It is suggested that a standard on specifying the inclusion quantity and size in CWR billets be established to produce crack-free products.

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“…Zhou et al [24] investigated the influence of tool parameters on tool wear in a two-roll CWR by simulation and as manifested by the statistical data from factories. Meanwhile, Huo et al [25][26][27] used a set of constitutive equations to predict the microstructure and ductile damage of a high-speed railway axle steel during CWR. Novella et al [28] modelled the ductile damage for CWR of AA6082-T6 bars.…”

Section: Working Principle Of Cross Wedge Rollingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and industrialization of near-net rolling technology used in shaft parts

2018

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Shaft part rolling is an efficient and green nearnet shaping technology offering many advantages, including high production efficiency, high material utilization rate, high product quality, and excellent production environment. In this paper, the features of shaft part rolling are introduced along with the working principles of two main shaft part rolling technologies, namely, cross wedge rolling (CWR) and skew rolling (SR). In relation to this technology, some R&D achievements gained by the University of Science and Technology Beijing are summarized. Finally, the latest developments in shaft part rolling are presented, including SR steel balls, precise forming of camshaft blank by CWR, SR phosphorous copper balls at room temperature, and CWR hollow axle sleeve. Although the shaft part rolling technology has been widely used in China, it only accounts for about 15% of applicable parts at present. Nevertheless, this technology has broad application prospects.

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Prediction of microstructure and ductile damage of a high-speed railway axle steel during cross wedge rolling

Cited by 50 publications

References 33 publications

Predicting the Microstructure of a Valve Head during the Hot Forging of Steel 21-4N

Predicting the Microstructure of a Valve Head during the Hot Forging of Steel 21-4N

Microstructural effects on central crack formation in hot cross-wedge-rolled high-strength steel parts

Research and industrialization of near-net rolling technology used in shaft parts

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