Prediction of Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Sponge City Projects: A Case Study in Shanghai, China

Lin, Xiaohu; Ren, Jie; Xu, Jiang; Zheng, Tao; Cheng, Wei; Qiao, Jinli; Huang, Juwen; Li, Guangming

doi:10.3390/su10113978

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In our study, there still exist certain limitations that should be addressed in the future. We employed a carbon emissions factor method for calculating land use carbon emissions for 30 provinces in China following the IPCC [30] guidelines, which have been widely used in a wealth of studies conducted in China [52,[78][79][80]. Nevertheless, some emissions parameters were extracted from the IPCC recommended values and related ecological literature due to the fact that some of China's carbon emissions factors are still under study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Carbon Emissions in China from 1999 to 2015: A Land Use Perspective

et al. 2019

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China has been a leader in global carbon emissions since 2006. The question of how to reduce emissions while maintaining stable economic growth is a serious challenge for the country. To achieve this, it is of great significance to track the spatial and temporal evolution of carbon emissions in China during recent decades, which can provide evidence-based scientific guidance for developing mitigation policies. In this study, we calculated the carbon emissions of land use in 1999–2015 using the carbon emissions factor method proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The Kuznets curve model was used to explore the influence of economic growth and urbanization on carbon emissions at the national and provincial levels. The results indicated that (1) China’s emissions increased from 927.88 million tons (Mt) in 1999 to 2833.91 Mt in 2015 at an average annual growth rate of 12.94%, while carbon sinks grew slightly, from 187.58 Mt to 207.19 Mt. Both emissions and sinks presented significant regional differences, with the Central and Southwest regions acting as the biggest emissions and sink contributors, respectively. (2) Built-up land was the largest land carrier for carbon emissions in China, contributing over 85% to total emissions each year; and (3) at the national level, the relationships between economic growth, urbanization, and carbon emissions presented as inverted U-shaped Kuznets curves, which were also found in the majority of the 30 studied provinces. While carbon emissions may be reaching a peak in China, given the disproportionate role of built-up land in carbon emissions, efforts should be devoted to limiting urbanization and the production of associated carbon emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Carbon Emissions in China from 1999 to 2015: A Land Use Perspective

et al. 2019

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“…According to the drainage and waterlogging prevention standard in the “Technical Guidelines for the Construction of Sponge Cities in Shanghai”, the waterlogging control standard in downtown Shanghai is to prevent large-area waterlogging caused by the rainfall of return period of 100 years, and other regions are rainfall of return period of 50 year [31]. Therefore, in this study, rainfall control objectives of 100-year and 50-year return periods are taken as guidance for a suitable range of water surface ratios.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effects of the River Network Structure and Urbanization on Waterlogging in High-Density Urban Areas—A Case Study of the Pudong New Area in Shanghai

Song

Lin

2019

IJERPH

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In the process of urbanization, high-intensity human activities have seriously disturbed the river networks, especially in the core urban areas of large cities. At present, a series of urban water environmental problems, such as urban waterlogging and non-point pollution, caused by damage to the river network structure and the decrease in surface permeability conditions in high-density urban areas have received widespread attention. In this study, the effects of the river network structure and urbanization on urban waterlogging were analyzed in the Pudong New Area by using the data of waterlogging sites on the Amap. The results showed that the average water surface ratio is 10.9%, the average river network density is 4.59 km/km2, and the comprehensive impervious ratio is 42.8%. From northwest to southeast, the impervious ratio of the Pudong New Area decreases gradually, and the water surface ratio and the river density increase gradually, while the areas with high waterlogging density are mainly concentrated in the northwest districts. The correlation coefficients indicate that the river network structure (−0.710 and −0.716) has a greater impact on waterlogging than urbanization (0.608) does. The current water surface ratio (10.9%) of the study area generally meets the requirements of the suitable water surface ratio (10.0%) in a rainfall return period of 50 years. However, the water surface ratio and the river density in about half of the districts did not meet the requirements of the suitable river network structure.

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“…(a) Carbon emission cost from material production For 1 m 2 of Extensive Green Roofs, 2.59 kg polymer is required; 1 kg of polymer production releases 1.7 kg of carbon (CO 2 ) [5,25]. Carbon tax was set as 60 RMB /ton (carbon emission allowances trading price in Beijing market) (the same below).…”

Section: External Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pollutants COD and nitrogen were calculated in this study. According to previous study [5], unit data was derived as 0.03 RMB/m 2 .…”

Section: (C) Reduction Of Pollutant In Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-Based Social Cost–Benefit Analysis on Integrated Urban Water Management in China: A Case Study of Sponge City in Harbin

Fan

Matsumoto

2019

Sustainability

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Climate change along with industrialization or urbanization, which uses materials with low water permeability and is accompanied by change in urban land use, are major reasons for frequent urban floods in many Chinese cities. Moreover, upgrading the drainage system can have numerous negative environmental impacts on the city, especially in districts with dense population and buildings. A new integrated urban water management (IUWM) strategy implemented in China, “sponge city,” has gained significant attention in recent years. In this study, a novel framework is built to analyze the effectiveness of sponge city by 3D simulating urban inundation results and performing a cost–benefit analysis. Construction and maintenance fees are included in the costs list, and carbon reduction, air quality improvement, rainwater harvesting, and reduction of flood risk are included under benefits. The district of Nangang in Harbin city in Northeast China was chosen as a case study area. Finally, we conclude that the maximum precipitation of 49.82 mm/h by sponge city can bring the inundation depth below a target depth in the target area. Further, though the sponge city project is not effective from a private perspective, it is effective from a social perspective.

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Prediction of Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Sponge City Projects: A Case Study in Shanghai, China

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Tracking the Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Carbon Emissions in China from 1999 to 2015: A Land Use Perspective

Tracking the Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Carbon Emissions in China from 1999 to 2015: A Land Use Perspective

Analysis of the Effects of the River Network Structure and Urbanization on Waterlogging in High-Density Urban Areas—A Case Study of the Pudong New Area in Shanghai

GIS-Based Social Cost–Benefit Analysis on Integrated Urban Water Management in China: A Case Study of Sponge City in Harbin

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