Prediction of In-Season Shoulder Injury From Preseason Testing in Division I Collegiate Football Players

Abstract

Background:Collegiate football is a high-demand sport in which shoulder injuries are common. Research has described the incidence of these injuries, with little focus on causative factors or injury prevention.Hypothesis:Football athletes who score lower on preseason strength and functional testing are more likely to sustain an in-season shoulder injury.Study Design:Prospective, cohort study.Level of Evidence:Level 2.Methods:Twenty-six collegiate football players underwent preseason testing with a rotational profile for shoulder range of motion, isometric strength of the rotator cuff at 90° elevation and external rotation in the 90/90 position, fatigue testing (prone-Y, scaption, and standing cable press), and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST). Data collected postseason included the type of shoulder injury and the side injured. Logistic regression was used to determine if the testing measures predicted injury, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to examine the relationship of CKCUEST to injury.Results:Six athletes sustained shoulder injuries during the season. Predictor variables could significantly predict whether that player would sustain an injury during the season for both the right and left shoulders (P < 0.05). The variables that were significantly correlated with injury of the right side were forward elevation strength, prone-Y to fatigue, and the CKCUEST (P < 0.05); on the left, only the CKCUEST was significant (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the CKCUEST was 0.86 (ϵ = 0.87, P = 0.01). Using a score of 21 touches, the CKCUEST had a sensitivity of 0.83, a specificity of 0.79, and an odds ratio of 18.75 in determining whether a player sustained a shoulder injury.Conclusion:For this sample, the combination of preseason strength, fatigue, and functional testing was able to identify football players who would sustain a shoulder injury during the season.Clinical Relevance:Using a battery of strength, fatigue, and functional testing may be helpful in identifying football players during preseason who are at a higher risk for sustaining a shoulder injury. This information can be used to optimize preseason testing and implementation of injury prevention programs.

Coexistence of Trunk or Lower Extremity Pain with Elbow and/or Shoulder Pain among Young Overhead Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Several studies have reported that dysfunction in the trunk or lower extremities has a significant association with elbow and shoulder injuries in adult overhead athletes (Scher et al 2010;Feigenbaum et al 2013;Garrison et al 2013;Chaudhari et al 2014;Pontillo et al 2014;Radwan et al 2014). Some studies have demonstrated that poor core stability should be considered as a potential risk factor for elbow and shoulder injuries (Garrison et al 2013;Chaudhari et al 2014;Pontillo et al 2014;Radwan et al 2014).…”

“…Some studies have demonstrated that poor core stability should be considered as a potential risk factor for elbow and shoulder injuries (Garrison et al 2013;Chaudhari et al 2014;Pontillo et al 2014;Radwan et al 2014). Other studies have shown an association between hip range of motion, as well as foot posture, with elbow and shoulder injuries.…”

“…Imbalance at any point of the kinetic chain could affect elbow and shoulder injuries (Reinold et al 2010). Several studies have reported that biomechanical dysfunction of the trunk or lower extremities, involving core stability, hip range of motion, and foot posture, are related to elbow and shoulder injuries among various high-level adult athletes (Scher et al 2010;Feigenbaum et al 2013;Chaudhari et al 2014;Pontillo et al 2014). However, there is little evidence focusing on the association between lack of sufficient support in the trunk or lower extremities and injuries to the elbow and shoulder among young athletes.…”

Clinician-friendly physical performance tests in athletes part 3: a systematic review of measurement properties and correlations to injury for tests in the upper extremity

“…One study27 did not report any measurement properties included to the COSMIN tool or Terwee Scale, and was excluded from further analysis. Measurement properties were reported for the following six PPTs (online supplementary appendix C provides the Terwee Scale scoring tables): CKCUEST;17 18 20 21Seated shot put (two hands);22 23Unilateral seated shot put;24Medicine ball throw;26Modified push-up test;27One-arm hop test 25…”

Evidenz-basierte Return-to-Sport-Testung nach Gelenkeingriffen

“…1 Testkombination zur Untersuchung der unteren Extremität nach Frohm et al[7] Tab. 2 Wissenschaftlicher Aussagewert muskuloskelettaler Screening-Tests zur Untersuchung der oberen Extremität nach Pontillo et al[23] KI Konfidenzintervall ("confidence interval"), OR Quotenverhältnis (Odds Ratio)…”