Prediction of Hemolysis in Rotary Blood Pumps with Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

Mitamura, Yoshinori; Nakamura, Hironori; Sekine, Keitaro; Kim, D; Yozu, R; Kawada, Shiaki; Okamoto, Eiji

doi:10.1201/b14731-35

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Surprisingly accurate results have nevertheless been reported through the substitution of the (laminar) stress with the Reynolds stress in the power law hemolysis formula of Giersiepen (Bluestein, 2004; Einav and Bluestein, 2004; Mitamura, 2000; Song, et al, 2004; Tamagawa, et al, 1996; Walburn, et al, 1985; Walburn, et al, 1985; Wu, et al, 2005). It is further surprising considering the errors in the coefficients of this model (Paul, et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the formulation of the RANS results in the loss of the small-scale turbulent features of velocity and stress. To account for these lost stresses, it is common for bioengineers to incorporate the so-called Reynolds Stress as a surrogate for the turbulent stresses2 when computing blood trauma (Bluestein; 2004, Einav and Bluestein; 2004, Mitamura 2000; Qian, 1989; Song, et al, 2004; Tamagawa, et al, 1996; Walburn, et al, 1985; Walburn, et al, 1985; Wu, et al, 2005). With this approach the k-ε model (Ahmadi, 1985) and the algebraic stress model (ASM) have been introduced (Rodi, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the representation of turbulent stresses for computing blood damage

Hund

Antaki

Massoudi

2010

International Journal of Engineering Science

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Computational prediction of blood damage has become a crucial tool for evaluating blood-wetted medical devices and pathological hemodynamics. A difficulty arises in predicting blood damage under turbulent flow conditions because the total stress is indeterminate. Common practice uses the Reynolds stress as an estimation of the total stress causing damage to the blood cells. This study investigates the error introduced by making this substitution, and further shows that energy dissipation is a more appropriate metric of blood trauma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the representation of turbulent stresses for computing blood damage

Hund

Antaki

Massoudi

2010

International Journal of Engineering Science

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“…Areas of blood stagnation are associated with increased blood residence time that increases the probability of activated platelets to adhere to the surface of the device. CFD and PIV are standard tools used for rapid evaluation of a blood pump design for hemocompatibility, allowing for faster blood pump design optimization before commencing expensive in-vivo trials [15, 16, 18, 19]. In-vivo acute and chronic animal testing are essential to evaluate the hemocompatibility of the blood pump design as it allows for direct measurements of hemocompatibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minimizing risk of thrombosis and hemolysis is crucial in the design of any blood pump [15, 16]. Historically, single port valveless pneumatic blood pumps like the Symphony have had a high incidence of thrombus formation due to areas of blood stagnation (inadequate “washing out”) and hemolysis due to areas of high shear stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow dynamics of a novel counterpulsation device characterized by CFD and PIV modeling

Giridharan

Lederer²,

Berthe

et al. 2011

Medical Engineering & Physics

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Background Historically, single port valveless pneumatic blood pumps have had a high incidence of thrombus formation due to areas of blood stagnation and hemolysis due to areas of high shear stress. Methods To ensure minimal hemolysis and favorable blood washing characteristics, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) were used to evaluate the design of a new single port, valveless counterpulsation device (Symphony). The Symphony design was tested in 6-hour acute (n=8), 5-day (n=8) and 30-day (n=2) chronic experiments in a calf model (Jersey, 76 kg). Venous blood samples were collected during acute (hourly) and chronic (weekly) time courses to analyze for temporal changes in biochemical markers and quantify plasma free hemoglobin. At the end of the study, animals were euthanized and the Symphony and end-organs (brain, liver, kidney, lungs, heart, and spleen) were examined for thrombus formations. Results Both the PIV and CFD showed the development of a strong moving vortex during filling phase and that blood exited the Symphony uniformly from all areas during ejection phase. The laminar shear stresses estimated by CFD remained well below the hemolysis threshold of 400 Pa inside the Symphony throughout filling and ejection phases. No areas of persistent blood stagnation or flow separation were observed. The maximum plasma free hemoglobin (< 10 mg/dl), average platelet count (pre-implant = 473 ± 56 K/μL and post-implant = 331 ± 62 K/μL), and average hematocrit (pre-implant = 31 ± 2 % and post-implant = 29 ± 2 %) were normal at all measured time-points for each test animal in acute and chronic experiments. There were no changes in measures of hepatic function (ALP, ALT) or renal function (creatinine) from pre-Symphony implantation values. The necropsy examination showed no signs of thrombus formation in the Symphony or end organs. Conclusions These data suggest that the designed Symphony has good washing characteristics without persistent areas of blood stagnation sites during the entire pump cycle, and has a low risk of hemolysis and thrombus formations.

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“…Despite the recent trend towards continuous-flow LVADs, patients with pulsatile-flow LVADs have a higher chance of myocardial recovery, surplus hemodynamic energy, and demonstrate improved renal function, improved blood flow of the vital organs and a lower rate of gastrointestinal bleeding events [5][6][7][8][9]. However, pulsatile blood pumps suffer from design concerns which consist of poor reliability, decreased biocompatibility, inefficient hydraulic performance at small dimensions and the increased risk of thrombosis and hemolysis [10][11][12]. These challenges are mainly related to the flow states within the blood chamber which have been investigated extensively in the development of LVADs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational fluid dynamics analysis and PIV validation of a bionic vortex flow pulsatile LVAD

Xu¹,

Yang²,

Ye³

et al. 2015

THC

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Abstract. BACKGROUND: Hemocompatibility is highly affected by the flow field in Left Ventricular Assistant Devices (LVAD). OBJECTIVE: An asymmetric inflow and outflow channel arrangement with a 45• intersection angle with respect to the blood chamber is proposed to approximate the vascular structure of the aorta and left atrium on the left ventricle. The structure is expected to develop uninterruptible vortex flow state which is similar to the flow state in human left ventricle. METHODS: The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) asymmetric model is simulated using ANSYS workbench. To validate the velocity field calculated by CFD, a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiment is conducted. RESULTS:The CFD results show that the proposed blood chamber could generate a shifting vortex flow that would be redirected to the aorta during ejection to form a persistent recirculating flow state, which is similar to the echocardiographic flow state in left ventricle. Both the PIV and the CFD results show the development of a persistent vortex during the pulsatile period. Comparison of the qualitative flow pattern and quantitative probed velocity histories in a pulsatile period shows a good agreement between the CFD and PIV data. CONCLUSION: The goal of developing persistent quasi intra-ventricle vortex flow state in LVAD is realized.

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Prediction of Hemolysis in Rotary Blood Pumps with Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

On the representation of turbulent stresses for computing blood damage

On the representation of turbulent stresses for computing blood damage

Flow dynamics of a novel counterpulsation device characterized by CFD and PIV modeling

Computational fluid dynamics analysis and PIV validation of a bionic vortex flow pulsatile LVAD

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