Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth at Cold-Worked Fastener Holes

Chang, J. L. C.

doi:10.2514/3.58870

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The CX process is much simpler from a mechanics perspective than peening, welding or machining, and so is amenable to simpler analytical approaches. Hsu and Forman 145 and Rich and Impellizzeri 134 were among the first to propose simple radial expansion models for the CX process, and others 146–150 developed models of increasing complexity and accuracy. Ball 150 provides a thorough yet concise review of these various models.…”

Section: Cold Expansion Of Holesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A literature survey on the stability and significance of residual stresses during fatigue

McClung

2007

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

300

181

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A B S T R A C T Many manufacturing processes can induce residual stresses in components. These residual stresses influence the mean stress during cyclic loading and so can influence the fatigue life. However, the initial residual stresses induced during manufacturing may not remain stable during the fatigue life. This paper provides a broad and extensive literature survey addressing the stability of surface and near-surface residual stress fields during fatigue, including redistribution and relaxation due to static mechanical load, repeated cyclic loads, thermal exposure and crack extension. The implications of the initial and evolving residual stress state for fatigue behaviour and life prediction are addressed, with special attention to fatigue crack growth. This survey is not a critical analysis; no detailed attempt is made to evaluate the relative merits of the different explanations and models proposed, to propose new explanations or models or to provide quantitative conclusions. Primary attention is given to the residual stresses resulting from four major classes of manufacturing operations: shot peening and related surface treatments, cold expansion of holes, welding and machining. A = function of material and temperature C = empirical constant CX = cold expansion DOD = Department of Defence DR = deep rolling EP = electropolished FAA = Federal Aviation Administration FCG = fatigue crack growth FE = finite element FTI = Fatigue Technology, Inc. GBP = glass bead peening GP = gravity peening JSSG = Joint Service Specification Guide k = Boltzmann's constant LBP = low plasticity burnishing LCF = low-cycle fatigue LSP = laser shock peening m = empirical constant Correspondence: R. C. McClung. Fatigue Fract Engng Mater Struct 30, 173-205 173 174 R. C. McCLUNG Q = effective activation energy for residual stress relaxation R = stress ratio S-N = Stress-Life SP = shot peening SR = stress relieved t = time T = Temperature USAF = United States Air Force WP = water peening σ RS = residual stress 3D = three-dimensional

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Section: Cold Expansion Of Holesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A literature survey on the stability and significance of residual stresses during fatigue

McClung

2007

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

300

181

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“…The point to be made is the significant difference between the results assuming no crack face unloading of the residual stresses, and those for full unloading. The usual engineering approaches to modeling crack growth in a notch with plasticity [14,15] do not account for this unloading, which occurs at positive applied loads (crack open). The effect is most significant for short cracks, which generally consume most of the crack growth life.…”

Section: Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics Analysis with Boundary Integral Method.

Cruse¹,

Polch²

1986

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“…The reduced local stress distribution given by non-linear finite element analyses or closed form solutions. [2][3][4][5]7,12 Both the closed form field results in a reduced stress range, thereby extending the fatigue life. Processes, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…shot peening, 2 cold expan-and finite element solutions of the compressive residual stresses around a hole show relatively good predictions sion, [3][4][5][6][7][8] and interference fit fasteners 8,9 have all been used to induce compressive residual stresses and improve of the stress distribution compared with experimental measurements. 3,7,13-15 the fatigue life of parts with holes or notches. Tensile overloads also introduce compressive residual stresses…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…modifying the stress intensity factor or stress range. 2,3,5,12 Cathey and Grandt 4 found good fatigue crack growth A fatigue life prediction model, FASTRAN II, 16 and a probabilistic model developed by Laz and Hillberry 17 to predictions for precracked holes by summing separate K solutions for both the applied tensile load and residual predict the variability in experimental fatigue lives of 2024-T3 provided the basis for an enhanced model stress. Chang 3 determined an effective maximum and minimum stress by summing the compressive residual which takes into account the presence of compressive residual stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The inclusion of compressive residual stress effects in crack growth modelling

Moshier¹

1999

Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struc

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A B S T R A C T Compressive residual stresses are often deliberately induced at holes and notches to improve the fatigue performance of parts with these features. A modification to the FASTRAN II deterministic life prediction model was developed to account for the presence of compressive residual stresses. They were accounted for by replacing the opening stress as the closure mechanism with a closure mechanism consisting of the compressive residual stress and a reduced opening stress. An experimental program was developed to investigate the effects of residual stresses on fatigue lives. Compressive residual stresses were induced in the notches of 2024-T3 aluminium single-edge notch tension [SE(T)] specimens using tensile overloads. The residual stress distributions were depicted by finite element analyses. Four sets of specimens, each subjected to a different overload level, were tested under constant amplitude loading. Because of the variability observed in experimental fatigue lives, a probabilistic approach was used to predict the distribution of fatigue lives of the SE(T) specimens with compressive residual stresses. The variability of the experimental fatigue lives for the SE(T) specimens was predicted using the residual stresses, measured particle distributions for the material, a modified version of FASTRAN II, and conditional probability. The predicted fatigue life distributions for the four residual stress levels examined agreed with the experimental data with average errors between 5 and 15%.Keywords compressive residual stress, fatigue life prediction, crack growth modelling. N O M E N C L A T U R Ea=half-length of the surface crack c=crack length in the width direction CDF=cumulative distribution function da/dN=crack growth rate E=elastic modulus f (a)=boundary correction factor Hz=cycles per second K I =mode I stress intensity factor K t =stress concentration factor, based on gross cross-section area N=cycles R=stress ratio defined as S min /S max R eff =stress ratio defined as (S min +S res /K t )/(S max +S res /K t ) S max =maximum applied stress S min =minimum applied stress S o =crack opening stress S or =modified opening stress S res =local compressive residual stress at notch root S tot =initial stress state of the notch surface defined as S tot =S max +S res /K t SE(T)=single-edge tension DK=stress intensity factor range DK eff =effective stress intensity factor range

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Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth at Cold-Worked Fastener Holes

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

A literature survey on the stability and significance of residual stresses during fatigue

A literature survey on the stability and significance of residual stresses during fatigue

Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics Analysis with Boundary Integral Method.

The inclusion of compressive residual stress effects in crack growth modelling

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