Prediction of energy expenditure during walking in adults with down syndrome

Agiovlasitis, Stamatis; Mendonça, Gonçalo V.; McCubbin, Jeffrey A.; Fernhall, Bo

doi:10.1111/jar.12392

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Individuals with Down syndrome have a high prevalence of hypotonia (i.e., a global descriptive qualitative view of muscles laxity and movement) and variations in connective tissue that lead to issues with muscle weakness, joint instability ( 46 ), and increased risk of injury ( 47 ). This population is also at a higher risk for muscle weakness in general ( 10 , 46 ), along with most job prospects being labor-intensive ( 48 ). Increasing muscular strength, thereby increasing the strength around joints, creates better joint stability, helps one perform more labor-intensive jobs, and minimizes the risk of injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome

Post¹,

Kraemer²,

Kackley³

et al. 2022

Front. Rehabilit. Sci.

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Adults with Down syndrome are an underserved population at high risk for a host of different pathologies from aging and lack of activity.PurposeTo examine the effects of a 10-week resistance training program on measures of motor behavior, cognitive function, mood, and physical fitness.MethodsParticipants (n = 11) were men and women clinically diagnosed with Down syndrome (age: 25.8 ± 6.4 years; height: 151.5 ± 8.3 cm; weight: 67.5 ± 13.0 kg; IQ: 58.3 ± 19.7 units). After familiarization of testing procedures, subjects performed The Arizona Cognitive Test Battery for Down Syndrome, TGMD-2, lower and upper body strength assessments, and body composition via DXA testing, while parental guardians completed cognitive and mood survey assessments (Cognitive Scale for Down Syndrome, Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function, NiSonger Child Behavior Rating Form, Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised, Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Social Communication Questionnaire, and Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) at pre and post 10 weeks of periodized resistance training.ResultsSignificant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements in locomotor skills and object control skills were observed post-training. Both locomotor skills (e.g., sprint, gallop, leaping, broad jump) and object control skills (e.g., baseball catch, underhand roll, basketball dribble) were all significantly improved. Facets of cognitive performance significantly improved, specifically executive function and visuospatial working memory capacity, and frontal lobe activity. Mood disturbances significantly decrease. All aspects of physical strength and endurance were improved, i.e., leg press, bench press, sit-ups, push-ups, and chair sit-to-stand post-training. Lean tissue mass was significantly increased post-training.ConclusionThis study dramatically demonstrates that life enhancements for individuals with Down syndrome are achievable with a properly designed resistance training program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, physical activity levels in individuals with Down syndrome are lower and typically decrease over time at a greater rate than individuals without Down syndrome, leading to higher rates of metabolic disease and obesity ( 10 ). Increased exercise capacities can have immense impacts on health and work productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome

Post¹,

Kraemer²,

Kackley³

et al. 2022

Front. Rehabilit. Sci.

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show abstract

“…The researchers hypothesised that this was due to the greater mediolateral motion of the body centre of mass that adults with DS exhibit compared with adults without DS during walking (Agiovlasitis et al 2009). Indeed, adults with DS demonstrate higher energy expenditure during walking, which has been found associated with gait characteristics (Agiovlasitis et al 2011(Agiovlasitis et al , 2015(Agiovlasitis et al , 2018. Not surprisingly, the relationship between energy expenditure and uniaxial accelerometer output during walking is different between adults with and without DS (Agiovlasitis et al 2011(Agiovlasitis et al , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, adults with DS demonstrate higher energy expenditure during walking, which has been found associated with gait characteristics (Agiovlasitis et al . 2011, 2015, 2018). Not surprisingly, the relationship between energy expenditure and uniaxial accelerometer output during walking is different between adults with and without DS (Agiovlasitis et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerometer‐based estimation of oxygen uptake in adults with Down syndrome: vector magnitude vs. vertical axis

Ballenger

Schultz

Driskill

et al. 2022

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background Triaxial accelerometer output [vector magnitude (VM) counts] may better estimate physical activity intensity as reflected in the rate of oxygen uptake (V ˙O2 ) than the traditional vertical axis (VA) counts in adults with Down syndrome (DS). This study examined the accuracy of VM vs. VA counts in estimating V ˙O2 in adults with and without DS across different physical activities and sedentary behaviours. Methods Sixteen adults with DS (10 men and 6 women; 31 ± 15 years) and 19 adults without DS (10 men and 9 women; 24 ± 5 years) performed 12 tasks. V ˙O2 was measured by portable spirometer (K4b 2 , Cosmed) and VM and VA with an accelerometer (wGT3X-BT, Actigraph). Results Vector magnitude and VA were significant predictors of V ˙O2 in adults with DS (P < 0.001; R 2 = 0.74 and 0.65, respectively) and adults without DS (P < 0.001; P < 0.001; R 2 = 0.75 and 0.61, respectively). Absolute error of prediction was significantly smaller for VM than VA for sitting, playing app, drawing, sweeping, standing and basketball (P ≤ 0.005), but smaller for VA than VM for walking at 0.8 m•s À1 (P = 0.005). Bland-Altman plots for adults with and without DS indicated narrower limits of agreement for VM than VA (À5.57 to 5.57 and À6.44 to 6.44 mL•kg À1 •min À1 ; À6.21 to 6.17 and À7.75 to 7.74 mL•kg À1 •min À1 , respectively). Conclusions Vector magnitude and VA are significant predictors of V ˙O2 in adults with and without DS, yet VM more accurately estimated V ˙O2 than VA for most tasks. Development of accelerometer-based prediction of physical activity levels in adults with and without DS may improve by utilising VM counts.

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“…We hypothesize that there is a lower biomechanical efficiency of gait patterns in adults with DS; therefore, the participants with DS in our study may have higher needs of VO 2 when walking. Previous findings support this argument, suggesting that persons with DS have reduced walking economy and higher metabolic cost (Agiovlasitis et al, 2009;Mendonça et al, 2009;Agiovlasitis et al, 2015;Agiovlasitis et al, 2018). Unfortunately, the present protocol does not allow us to determine the causes of group differences in VO 2 when walking at submaximal intensities and compare them with the previous cited studies.…”

Section: Submaximal Cardiorespiratory and Hemodynamic Responsesmentioning

confidence: 73%

Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to submaximal and maximal exercise in adults with Down syndrome

et al. 2022

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Introduction: The genetic disorder causing Down syndrome (DS) affects the cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic parameters. When exercising, sufficient blood flow is necessary for active muscles. Cardiac output (Q) must be proportional to the peripheral requirements. In case the stroke volume (SV) is lower, the heart rate (HR) will increase further in order to maintain an adequate blood flow in the active territories (HR compensatory response). People with DS have a lower HR response to maximal exercise. Nevertheless, the response of the hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory parameters during the submaximal phases of maximal exercise was not well studied.Objective: to evaluate cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic parameters 1) during submaximal and 2) maximal metabolic treadmill test in individuals with and without DS.Methods: fifteen adults with DS (age = 27.33 ± 4.98 years old; n = 12 males/3 females) and 15 adults without disabilities, matched by age and sex, participated in this cross-sectional study. Peak and submaximal cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic parameters were measured during a treadmill test. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyse interactions between the variables. Post-hoc analyses were employed to assess within and between-group differences.Results: The DS group showed lower peak values for ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), tidal volume (VT), ventilatory equivalent for O2 (VEqO2), end-tidal partial pressure for O2 (PETO2), O2 uptake (VO2) and CO2 production (all p < 0 .050), Q, SV, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and HR (all p < 0 .050). There were group-by-time interactions (all p < 0 .050) for all ventilatory submaximal values. Significant group and time differences were observed for VE; RER; respiratory rate (RR); VEqO2; PETO2; VO2, and VT (all p < 0 .050). There were also group-by-time interactions (all p < 0 .050) and group and time differences for SBP, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR (all p < 0.010).Conclusion: During submaximal exercise, we verified a compensatory response of HR, and greater VE and VO2 in the individuals with DS. In addition, we were able to observe that the DS group had a reduced SBP and MAP response to submaximal exercise. On the other hand, we found that adults with DS have lower peak hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory values, and a lower cardiac reserve. Further research is warranted to investigate the effects of these results on the general health of adults with DS and the impact of long-term exercise programs on these parameters.

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Prediction of energy expenditure during walking in adults with down syndrome

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome

The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome

Accelerometer‐based estimation of oxygen uptake in adults with Down syndrome: vector magnitude vs. vertical axis

Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to submaximal and maximal exercise in adults with Down syndrome

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