“…Previous studies have highlighted the potential for non-destructive NIR spectroscopic methods to be able to predict the physical characteristics of tablets, including density and porosity ( Donoso et al, 2003 ; Otsuka, 2006 ), hardness ( Kandpal et al, 2017 ; Otsuka and Yamane, 2006 ; Qiushi et al, 2019 ) and drug release ( Ojala et al, 2020 ) due to the sensitivity to surface and internal structural effects. As an example, reflectance NIR spectroscopy has previously been used to quantify drug release in tablets manufactured at different compression levels ( Baranwal et al, 2019 ).…”