Prediction of Driving Cycles by Means of a Co-Simulation Framework for the Evaluation of IC Engine Tailpipe Emissions

Montenegro, Gianluca; Onorati, Angelo; D’Errico, Gianluca; Cerri, Tarcisio; Marinoni, Andrea; Tziolas, Vasileios; Zingopis, Nikolaos

doi:10.4271/2020-37-0011

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The 1D simulation code Gasdyn [14][15][16] has been applied as modeling tool in this investigation. The numerical solver manages the solution of mass, energy and momentum conservation equations for a one-dimensional, unsteady, compressible gas flow in ducts with variable cross-section, including friction and heat transfer.…”

Section: Computational Fluid Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculation of NO pollutant emission is performed kinetically by a classical Zeldovich mechanism, while the simple semi-empirical model proposed by Baruah has been adopted for CO prediction. 15 With regard to unburned HC, the specific sub-model takes into account the storage and release of fresh mixture from the piston top land crevice and the absorption and desorption of hydrocarbons in the oil film layer (see Figure 3). 30…”

Section: D Model Of Combustion Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

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RDE cycle simulation by 0D/1D models to investigate IC engine performance and cylinder-out emissions

Marinoni

Onorati

Montenegro

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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In this work, the development and application of advanced predictive 0D/1D methodologies to simulate Real Driving Emission (RDE) cycles are described. Firstly, the 1D simulation model is validated on a map of steady state operating points, which allows to use successively the very same model, with its calibration, during an RDE cycle simulation, considering the sequence of varying loads, and rotational speeds. In particular, the validated 1D model is used to simulate a typical RDE transient cycle of approximately 1 h and 45 min. The test case investigated is a modern plug-in hybrid passenger car engine, in which the thermal power unit consists of a 1 L three-cylinder, turbocharged gasoline engine. The experimental and simulated RDE cycle is characterized by a sensibly varying Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) operation, allowing to evaluate engine performance and cylinder out emissions. To speed up the calculation and significantly lower the Central Processing Unit (CPU)/real time ratio a dedicated numerical solver for fast simulation has been implemented and tested, while keeping the fidelity of the results. A predictive 0D, multi-zone model for Spark Ignition (SI) combustion has been applied, together with emission sub-models for the calculation of the main pollutants. Both instantaneous and cumulative emissions have been evaluated. The results of the simulations have been compared to the experimental data of RDE cycles, showing a good predictiveness of the models and the high potential of 0D/1D simulation codes as design tools, in the new scenario of demanding testing procedures. This approach can be applied for any engine configuration operating under any transient condition.

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Section: Computational Fluid Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Model Of Combustion Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

RDE cycle simulation by 0D/1D models to investigate IC engine performance and cylinder-out emissions

Marinoni

Onorati

Montenegro

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

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“…Moreover, the transport equations for the tracking of chemical species along the pipes could have been considered as well, but in this study, this aspect was not considered. This comprehensive approach is extensively described in literature, see for example [5,6,[8][9][10]. In this work, an innovative contribution is represented by the development and application of a fast simulation method (FSM) to reduce the computational time and reduce the CPU/real-time ratio.…”

Section: D/1d Thermo-fluid Dynamic Modeling Of Ic Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

0D/1D Thermo-Fluid Dynamic Modeling Tools for the Simulation of Driving Cycles and the Optimization of IC Engine Performances and Emissions

et al. 2021

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The prediction of internal combustion engine performance and emissions in real driving conditions is getting more and more important due to the upcoming stricter regulations. This work aims at introducing and validating a new transient simulation methodology of an ICE coupled to a hybrid architecture vehicle, getting closer to real-time calculations. A one-dimensional computational fluid dynamic software has been used and suitably coupled to a vehicle dynamics model in a user function framework integrated within a Simulink® environment. A six-cylinder diesel engine has been modeled by means of the 1D tool and cylinder-out emissions have been compared to experimental data. The measurements available have been used also to calibrate the combustion model. The developed 1D engine model has been then used to perform driving cycle simulations considering the vehicle dynamics and the coupling with the energy storage unit in the hybrid mode. The map-based approach along with the vehicle simulation tool has also been used to perform the same simulation and the two results are compared to evaluate the accuracy of each approach. In this framework, to achieve the best simulation performance in terms of computational time over simulated time ratio, the 1D engine model has been used in a configuration with a very coarse mesh. Results have shown that despite the high mesh spacing used the accuracy of the wave dynamics prediction was not affected in a significant way, whereas a remarkable speed-up factor was achieved. This means that a crank angle resolution approach to the vehicle simulation is a viable and accurate strategy to predict the engine emission during any driving cycle with a computation effort compatible with the tight schedule of a design process.

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“…transient phenomena, drivability, pollutant emissions performance), co-simulation with different models is mandatory. 10 Consequently, validated models that simulate vehicle longitudinal dynamics for real world mission profiles or driving cycles are used to calculate the operating point of the powertrain. 11,12 To that aim, the current study aims also to apply the mission profiles at vehicle simulation models and demonstrate the potential of a simulation-based assessment approach.…”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and design of real world driving cycles targeted to the calibration of vehicles with electrified powertrain

Doulgeris

Toumasatos

Prati³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Vehicles’ powertrain electrification is one of the key measures adopted by manufacturers in order to develop low emissions vehicles and reduce the CO2 emissions from passenger cars. High complexity of electrified powertrains increases the demand of cost-effective tools that can be used during the design of such powertrain architectures. Objective of the study is the proposal of a series of real-world velocity profiles that can be used during virtual design. To that aim, using three state of the art plug-in hybrid vehicles, a combined experimental, and simulation approach is followed to derive generic real-world cycles that can be used for the evaluation of the overall energy efficiency of electrified powertrains. The vehicles were tested under standard real driving emissions routes, real-world routes with reversed order (compared to a standard real driving emissions route) of urban, rural, motorway, and routes with high slope variation. To enhance the experimental activities, additional virtual mission profiles simulated using vehicle simulation models. Outcome of the study consists of specific driving cycles, designed based on standard real-world route, and a methodology for real-world data analysis and evaluation, along with the results from the assessment of the impact of different operational parameters on the total electrified powertrain.

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Prediction of Driving Cycles by Means of a Co-Simulation Framework for the Evaluation of IC Engine Tailpipe Emissions

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

RDE cycle simulation by 0D/1D models to investigate IC engine performance and cylinder-out emissions

RDE cycle simulation by 0D/1D models to investigate IC engine performance and cylinder-out emissions

0D/1D Thermo-Fluid Dynamic Modeling Tools for the Simulation of Driving Cycles and the Optimization of IC Engine Performances and Emissions

Assessment and design of real world driving cycles targeted to the calibration of vehicles with electrified powertrain

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