Prediction of Coronavirus Anxiety based on Attachment Styles, Resilience, and Life Expectancy in Drug Users

Abstract

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had unsolvable psychosocial effects on human beings. The marginalized community, especially drug users, probably suffer from greater psychosocial burden. Objectives: The current study aimed to predict COVID-19-induced anxiety based on attachment styles, resilience, and life expectancy in drug users. Methods: The present study is correlational descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population of this study included all drug users in 2021 who were in the process of abstaining from substance use and attended narcotics anonymous (NA) sessions in Bojnurd. In total, 134 addicts were selected based on the available sampling method. For data collection, the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) by Alipour et al., Attachment Styles Questionnaire (AAQ) by Hazen and Shaver, Resilience Scale by Davidson, and Miller Hope Scale (MHS) were used. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression using SPSS 18. Results: As hypothesized, COVID-19-induced anxiety was predicted based on attachment styles, resilience, and life expectancy. Multiple correlation coefficient (0.87) was found between independent variables (attachment styles, resilience, and life expectancy) and COVID-19-induced variable, and attachment styles, resilience, and life expectancy could predict 76% (R2) of COVID-19-induced anxiety changes. Conclusions: COVID-19 and addiction are two epidemic and overlapping diseases and cause a serious threat to public health. According to the findings of this study, in order to prevent COVID-19-induced anxiety in drug users, it is necessary to consider their attachment styles, resilience, and life expectancy.

The Relationship Between Parental Bonding and Suicidal Ideation: The Mediating Role of Feelings of Self-conscious Affect (Shame and Guilt) and Separation-Individuation

“…In previous researches, the relationship between suicidal tendency and maternal bonding had been found to be stronger than this relationship with paternal bonding (65). This finding was consistent with the results of previous studies in terms of the given relationship (21,66,67). This finding may have been explained by the fact that in the first years of a child's life, it's basically the mother who takes care of him and exerts greater influence on his personality.…”

“…Parental bonding has recently attracted considerable research attention in the field of attachment (20). Studies have shown that parental affectionless control is related to suicidal behavior (21). In addition, studies have shown that parental bonding (22,23) has a direct effect on suicide and is also indirectly associated with a number of factors mediating suicidal ideation, namely shame (24) and guilt (25).…”

Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation on Impulsivity and Anxiety in Patients with Paranoid Personality Disorder

“…Many studies have demonstrated that anxiety can affect cognitive functions and working memory (22,23). Anxiety can be defined as a response to ambiguous and unclear hazards (24). In other words, it is a sense of uneasiness and annoying fear that arises from anticipating a danger with an unclear origin.…”