Prediction of Cobb Angle in Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis

Sapkas, George; Papagelopoulos, Panayiotis J.; Kateros, Konstantinos; Koundis, George; Boscainos, Petros J.; Koukou, Urania I; Katonis, Pavlos

doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000068360.47147.30

Cited by 39 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These methods emerged as an alternative to the radiographic evaluation method as it reduces exposure of patients who have scoliosis to excessive radiation, it is easier to evaluate in the clinic and it has a reduced cost, when compared to radiographic examination. Examples of these non-radiographic methods are the Moiré photograph [4][5][6] , the Quantec System 7 , the electric goniometer 8 and the scoliometer 2,3,[9][10][11][12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confiabilidade interavaliadores e intra-avaliador do escoliômetro

Bonagamba

Coelho

Oliveira

2010

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confiabilidade interavaliadores e intra-avaliador do escoliômetro

Bonagamba

Coelho

Oliveira

2010

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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“…Since then, there has been no consensus regarding the correlation of these values. Mubarak et al 13 , Amendt et al 9 and Pearsall et al , Sapkas et al 11 and Griffet et al 16 found a high correlation between the axial trunk rotation (ATR) values and the Cobb angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These patients' excessive exposure to radiation has been associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer up to 5.4% 4 . Several non-invasive and radiation-free methods have been proposed to measure scoliotic deformities [5][6][7][8] , including the scoliometer [9][10][11] . The scoliometer is an inclinometer that measures the asymmetries between the sides of the trunk in axial rotation degrees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scoliometer measurements of patients with idiopathic scoliosis

Coelho

Bonagamba

Oliveira

2013

Braz. J. Phys. Ther.

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| Background: Patients with idiopathic scoliosis are exposed to approximately 25 radiographic examinations of their spine throughout the clinical follow-up using the Cobb angle. Several non-invasive and radiation-free methods have been proposed to measure scoliotic deformities, including the scoliometer. Objectives: To measure the intra-and interrater reliability of the scoliometer measurements, to assess the correlation of the values obtained by the scoliometer measurements with the Cobb angles obtained by radiography, and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the scoliometer measurements for the different diagnostic criteria for the referral of idiopathic scoliosis. Method: Sixty-four patients were selected for the study: half with idiopathic scoliosis and half without. The 17 levels of the spine of each volunteer were measured with a scoliometer in the forward bending position. The measurements were performed three times on 42 volunteers by two different raters to obtain data for calculating the reliability values. Anteroposterior radiographs were taken to determine the Cobb angles, which were then compared with the highest trunk rotation value. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using radiograph criteria for referral: a Cobb angle of 10° and axial trunk rotation values between 5° and 10°. Results: Excellent intrarater reliability values and very good interrater reliability values were obtained. The correlation between the scoliometer measurements and radiograph analyses was considered good (r=0.7, p<0.05). The highest sensitivity value was for a trunk rotation of 5° at 87%. Conclusions: The scoliometer measurements showed a good correlation with the radiographic measurements.Keywords: physical therapy; scoliometer; scoliosis; spine; evaluation. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLECoelho DM, Bonagamba GH, Oliveira AS. Scoliometer measurements of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Braz J Phys Ther.

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“…As a rule of thumb for estimating the Cobb angle, the values measured with the scoliometer can be multiplied by 3 for the thoracic spine and by 2 for the lumbar spine. The large individual spread must, however, be respected [18]. In ''Conclusion'', we usually indicate an X-ray when measuring an angle of trunk rotation C5°.…”

Section: Physical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical investigation and imaging

Studer

2013

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects 2-4 % of children and is diagnosed between age 10 and skeletal maturity. The female to male ratio for mild curves less than 20°is 1.5:1; however, progression to a severe deformity occurs more often in females (Weinstein in JAMA 289(5): [559][560][561][562][563][564][565][566][567] 2003). Despite significant ongoing research, including into the genetic basis for AIS, there are currently no identifiable causes, and therefore the disorder still remains a diagnosis of exclusion. History, physical examination and radiographic assessment must exclude other possible causes of spinal deformity and are crucial in predicting the risk of curve progression. History should focus on family history, menarche, presence or absence of pain, sports activities and neurologic changes. Physical examination concentrates on anthropometric data, pubertal staging, neurologic testing and specific investigation of the spine, with the Adams' forward bending test being the most meaningful step to evaluate trunk rotation. Definitive diagnosis cannot be made without imaging. The gold standard remains plain radiography with assessment of the Cobb angle on a standing coronal radiograph of the entire spine. A lateral X-ray is used for assessing sagittal balance and for evaluating the deformity in the sagittal plane. If available, surface topography can accompany the followup in AIS, reducing the radiation exposure. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in AIS is an ongoing matter of debate. Common indications for MRI are the presence of an atypical curve pattern and abnormal neurological findings. Keywords Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Á Patient's history Á Clinical investigation Á Imaging Clinical investigation Medical historyEvaluation of a child with scoliosis should begin with a comprehensive and complete medical history focused on family history of scoliosis, complaints of pain, neurologic signs or symptoms, including bowel and bladder dysfunction, information on physical development and sports activities.Family history AIS is often seen in multiple members of one family, strongly suggesting a genetic component. A meta-analysis of studies of twins showed concordance for AIS in 73 % of monozygotic and 36 % of dizygotic twins [2]. A recent study confirmed the genetic etiology in AIS, but with a concordance being much lower [3]. Current research is focusing on identifying the multiple responsible genes that cause AIS and that probably play an important role in determining the risk of curve progression. In 2010 a DNAbased test (ScoliScore, Axial Biotech, Salt Lake City, USA) to predict spinal curve progression in AIS was presented and validated [4]. This promising tool will probably revolutionize future concepts of AIS treatment but so far it is applicable only to Caucasian females and males between ages 9-13 which have already been diagnosed with mild scoliosis (10-25°Cobb angle).

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Prediction of Cobb Angle in Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis

Cited by 39 publications

References 30 publications

Confiabilidade interavaliadores e intra-avaliador do escoliômetro

Confiabilidade interavaliadores e intra-avaliador do escoliômetro

Scoliometer measurements of patients with idiopathic scoliosis

Clinical investigation and imaging

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