Prediction of Bay-Shaped Shorelines between Detached Breakwaters with Various Gap Spacings

Abstract

Detached breakwaters are widely used for shore protection. The planforms of tombolos or salients behind structures have also been used to provide a recreational and sustainable coastal environment. In this study, the comprehensive XBeach model was used to numerically simulate the evolution of wave transformation, nearshore current, and morphological changes in tombolo planforms behind detached breakwaters. Given various gap spacings between consecutive breakwaters, the numerical results indicated that both equilibrium bay-shaped shorelines and bottom profiles form in the lee of detached breakwaters after long-term persistent wave action. These equilibrium shorelines and bottom profiles were verified using well-known empirical formulas. Post-wave-action retreat displacement to the initial shoreline was analyzed, and an empirical relationship was proposed for predicting the equilibrium bay-shaped shoreline. By associating the empirical formula with a parabolic bay-shape equation, some actual beaches were evaluated to validate the predictions of equilibrium shorelines behind detached breakwaters. In conclusion, to appropriately plan the layouts of breakwaters, bay-shaped shorelines of tombolo planforms in the lee of detached breakwaters can be predicted at the design stage by using the proposed relationship.

Stability Analysis of Breakwater Armor Blocks Based on Deep Learning

“…As a result, these empirical formulas cannot accurately predict the stability number or address the uncertainties involved in this context. It is difficult to accurately capture the influence of complex nonlinear behavior and environmental factors on block stability [10]. Under this background, it is of great significance to analyze the stability of breakwater armor blocks by using a method based on deep learning.…”