Prediction of all causes of death as a function of some factors commonly measured in cardiovascular population surveys

Menotti, Alessandro; Conti, Susanna; Dima, Francesco; Giampaoli, Simona; Giuli, B.; Rumi, Amelia; Seccareccia, Fulvia; Signoretti, P

doi:10.1016/0091-7435(83)90240-2

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Most of the cardiovascular risk indicators that demonstrate an effect on overall mortality in the present analysis have been recognized in similar follow-up studies (6,8,11,16,18,22,23,24,25,30). Nevertheless, some of our findings warrant further elaboration and will be discussed below.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…In most other cohort studies either no effect was reported, or a J-or U-shaped relationship between BMI and mortality was found (7,9,10,21,22,23). When women were categorized according to quartiles of BMI a gradual decrease of the RR from 1.0, in the lowest BMI group, to 0.56 in the highest BMI group was present, without evidence of a J-or U-shaped curve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality; A 12 year follow-up study in The Netherlands

Hoes¹,

Grobbee²,

Valkenburg³

et al. 1993

Eur J Epidemiol

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To assess the contribution of cardiovascular risk indicators to all-cause mortality, we used data from a follow-up study conducted in the Netherlands since 1975. Of 6,057 participants aged 20 years or over at the start of the study, 9.5% died during the 9 to 12 year follow-up period. Risk indicators independently related to all-cause mortality were age and diabetes mellitus in both sexes; pulse rate, smoking habits, antihypertensive drug use and a history of myocardial infarction most clearly in men; and body mass index and systolic blood pressure in women. A larger body mass index was associated with a gradual decrease in mortality probability. The risk of death for women in the highest quartile of body mass index (> 26.4 kg/m2) relative to those in the lowest quartile (< 21.9 kg/m2) was 0.56 (95% confidence limits 0.36 and 0.87). Serum cholesterol level showed no association with overall mortality. Risk functions were calculated to predict an individual's probability of dying within 11.5 years as a function of the level of cardiovascular risk indicators. Our findings suggest that the major cardiovascular risk indicators, apart from affecting cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, also influence all-cause mortality. Consequently, favourable changes in these characteristics might lead to an increase in life expectancy. The maximum individual benefit to be expected from these changes may be estimated using the risk functions derived from our data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality; A 12 year follow-up study in The Netherlands

Hoes¹,

Grobbee²,

Valkenburg³

et al. 1993

Eur J Epidemiol

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“…It is being forgotten, however, that modern man lives in conditions under which we breathe less and less oxygen due to the industrial pollution and indoor living style. It was demonstrated by the largest epidemiological study conducted in Italy in the second half of this century that life expectancy was best correlated with high levels of respiratory indices, specifically vital capacity [54]. Moreover, oxygen therapy has been shown to have beneficial effect in various diseases.…”

Section: Oxygen and Other Oxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyl Radical and Its Scavengers in Health and Disease

Lipiński

2011

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

337

246

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It is generally believed that diseases caused by oxidative stress should be treated with antioxidants. However, clinical trials with such antioxidants as ascorbic acid and vitamin E, failed to produce the expected beneficial results. On the other hand, important biomolecules can be modified by the introduction of oxygen atoms by means of non-oxidative hydroxyl radicals. In addition, hydroxyl radicals can reduce disulfide bonds in proteins, specifically fibrinogen, resulting in their unfolding and scrambled refolding into abnormal spatial configurations. Consequences of this reaction are observed in many diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer and neurological disorders, and can be prevented by the action of non-reducing substances. Moreover, many therapeutic substances, traditionally classified as antioxidants, accept electrons and thus are effective oxidants. It is described in this paper that hydroxyl radicals can be generated by ferric ions without any oxidizing agent. In view of the well-known damaging effect of poorly chelated iron in the human body, numerous natural products containing iron binding agents can be essential in the maintenance of human health. However, beneficial effects of the great number of phytochemicals that are endowed with hydroxyl radical scavenging and/or iron chelating activities should not be considered as a proof for oxidative stress.

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“…In most of the reviewed studies, the level of serum cholesterol was not a pre dictor of all-cause mortality: this was the case in the 10-year follow-up of the Seven Coun tries Study with the exception of the Ameri can railroad cohort [8]. the 20-year follow-up of the Italian cohorts of that study [18], the 23-year follow-up of the Israel Civil Servant Study [20]. the 25-year follow-up of the Zutphen Study [22] and, finally, in the 12-year follow-up in the population survey in Renfrew and Paisley [5], However, in the Framingham Study, overall mortality was sig nificantly related to serum cholesterol only in those younger than 45 years at baseline [26] and.…”

Section: Serum Cholesterolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand. BMI did not predict either 20-year all cause mortality in the two rural Italian co horts from the Seven Countries Study [ 18] or 25-year coronary mortality in the Italian, Dutch and Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study [24], Forty years ago. Vague [47] suggested that differences in regional adiposity were corre lated with different metabolic consequences on both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty-Five-Year Mortality Follow-Up in the Belgian Bank Study

Kornitzer¹,

Dramaix²,

Beriot³

et al. 1993

Cardiology

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Two cohorts of male bank employees aged 40-59 at baseline and free of coronary heart disease were pooled and followed during 25 years for all-cause and coronary mortality. The vital status was known for all 1,227 subjects, but in both banks, 8% of all deaths occurred without any clue to a possible cause. All-cause and coronary mortality were 36.9 and 10.5 per 100 subjects, respectively. In bivariate analysis (adjusting for age), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol and cigarette smoking predicted all-cause mortality. The same variables predicted coronary mortality. Body mass index was neither a predictor of all-cause nor of coronary mortality. In multivariate analysis, age, systolic blood pressure and cigarette smoking predicted independently all-cause mortality whereas the same variables and serum cholesterol predicted coronary mortality. For coronary mortality, the odds ratio (OR) of systolic blood pressure ≧ 160 against < 140 mm Hg was 2.68 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.41-5.08). The OR for subjects with baseline serum cholesterol ≧260 versus < 260 mg/dl was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.31-2.51). The OR for cigarette smokers versus never smokers was 2.54 (95% CI: 1.39-4.64). Age-adjusted relative risk for all-cause mortality for subjects in the highest versus the lowest quintile of a multiple logistic function was 1.72 whereas for coronary mortality the relative risk was 4.94. These results confirm the long-term predictive power of the three major modifiable coronary risk factors when measured once in middle-aged male subjects.

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Prediction of all causes of death as a function of some factors commonly measured in cardiovascular population surveys

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality; A 12 year follow-up study in The Netherlands

Cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality; A 12 year follow-up study in The Netherlands

Hydroxyl Radical and Its Scavengers in Health and Disease

Twenty-Five-Year Mortality Follow-Up in the Belgian Bank Study

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