Prediction of adult body composition from infant and child measurements

Rolland-Cachera, M. F.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511525650.008

Cited by 37 publications

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“…48 We previously proposed that the characteristics of childhood obesity, that is, increased stature and body mass (lean and fat) 27 were the consequence of high protein intakes inducing changes in hormonal status. 49,50 High plasma insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF1) concentrations and reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion (spontaneous or in response to a wide variety of stimuli) are characteristic features of children with simple obesity. 51 Increased IGF1 could promote hyperplasia in all tissues, including adipose tissue, and decreased GH levels could decrease lipolysis, promoting the development and maintenance of large fat stores.…”

Section: Factors Associated With An Early Ar and Increased Fatnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

et al. 2006

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Childhood obesity is an important public health problem, with a rapidly increasing frequency worldwide. Identification of critical periods for the development of childhood and adolescent obesity could be very useful for targeting prevention measures. Weight status in early childhood is a poor predictor of adult adiposity status, and most obese adults were not obese as children. We first proposed to use the body mass index (BMI) charts to monitor individual BMI development. The adiposity rebound (AR) corresponds to the second rise in BMI curve that occurs between ages 5 and 7 years. It is not as direct a measure as BMI at any age, but because it involves the examination of several points during growth, and because it is identified at a time when adiposity level clearly change directions, this method provides information that can help us understand individual changes and the development of health risks. An early AR is associated with an increased risk of overweight. It is inversely associated with bone age, and reflects accelerated growth. The early AR recorded in most obese subjects and the striking difference in the mean age at AR between obese subjects (3 years) and non-obese subjects (6 years) suggest that factors have operated very early in life. The typical pattern associated with an early AR is a low BMI followed by increased BMI level after the rebound. This pattern is recorded in children of recent generations as compared to those of previous generations. This is owing to the trend of a steeper increase of height as compared to weight in the first years of life. This typical BMI pattern (low, followed by high body fatness level) is associated with metabolic diseases such as diabetes and coronary heart diseases. Low body fatness before the AR suggests that an energy deficit had occurred at an early stage of growth. It can be attributable to the high-protein, low-fat diet fed to infants at a time of high energy needs, the former triggering height velocity and the latter decreasing the energy density of the diet and then reducing energy intake. The high-fat, low-protein content of human milk may contribute to its beneficial effects on growth processes. Early (pre-and postnatal) life is a critical period during which environmental factors may programme adaptive mechanisms that will persist in adulthood. Under-nutrition in fetal life or during the first years after birth may programme a thrifty metabolism that will exert adverse effects later in life, especially if the growing child is exposed to overnutrition. These observations stress the importance of an adequate nutritional status in childhood and the necessity to provide nutritional intakes adapted to nutritional needs at various stages of growth. Because the AR reflects particular BMI patterns, it is a useful tool for the paediatrician to monitor the child's adiposity development and for researchers to investigate the different developmental patterns leading to overweight. It contributes to the understanding of chronic disease programming and suggests ne...

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Section: Factors Associated With An Early Ar and Increased Fatnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

et al. 2006

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“…Body composition is an important indicator of health status in children and adolescents (Norgan, 1990;Immink et al, 1992;Rolland-Cachera, 1995;Hills & Byrne, 1998;Malina et al, 1998;Bunc, 2001;Deurenberg et al, 2003). In the last decades, information about the relationships between body composition and physical fitness in children from developed countries has been published (Malina, 1975(Malina, , 1994Beunen et al, 1983;Malina et al, 1995Malina et al, , 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition and physical fitness of undernourished South African rural primary school children

et al. 2005

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between the body composition characteristics, body mass index (BMI), sum of skinfolds (SSF), % body fat (%BF), fat-free mass (FFM) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and nine physical fitness items in undernourished rural primary school children in Ellisras, South Africa. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: The study consisted of 462 boys and 393 girls who were aged 7-14 y. Measurements: Five body composition measures were assessed: BMI, SSF, %BF, FFM and WHR. Nine physical fitness test items were assessed: standing long jump, bent arm hang, sit-ups, 10 Â 5 m shuttle run, 50 m sprint, 1600 m run, flamingo balance, sit and reach, plate tapping. Results: BMI was highly correlated with FFM (r ¼ 0.7, Po0.001). In line with findings from Western countries, regression coefficients (B) showed that children with higher BMI or SSF performed worse in bent arm hang (girls, B ¼ À0.84, Po0.001, and B ¼ À0.06, P ¼ 0.02, respectively) and in 1600 m run (B ¼ 6.68, Po0.001). BMI was significantly associated with flamingo balance (B ¼ 0.26, P ¼ 0.04). WHR was positively associated with bent arm hang (B ¼ 9.37, P ¼ 0.03), and inversely with sit and reach (B ¼ À7.48, P ¼ 0.01). In contrast, significant relationships were found between BMI and standing long jump (B ¼ 0.74, P ¼ 0.04), sit and reach (B ¼ 0.51, Po0.001), flamingo balance (B ¼ 0.26, P ¼ 0.04) and plate tapping (B ¼ À19, P ¼ 0.01). SSF was significantly associated with sit and reach (B ¼ 0.04, P ¼ 0.03). Significant inverse associations were found between FFM and bent arm hang (girls, B ¼ À0.06, P ¼ 0.05), 1600 m run (girls, B ¼ À2.33, P ¼ 0.003) and 50 m run (boys, B ¼ À0.11, P ¼ 0.006). FFM was significantly associated with standing long jump (boys, B ¼ 0.99, Po0.001; girls, B ¼ 0.73, Po0.001), flamingo balance (B ¼ 0.17, Po0.001), and with sit and reach (boys, B ¼ 0.59, P ¼ 0.03).

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“…Specifically, triceps have a better correlation with percent body fat (r ¼ 0.6), whereas subscapular skinfolds correlate better with absolute body fat (r ¼ 0.7). 14 The errors in anthropometric measurements can be minimized with attention to details and well-trained operators.…”

Section: Body Mass Index (Bmi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, race-specific prediction equations for fat-free mass have been developed. 3,14,17 It is important to underline that the standard measurement conditions (ie position, time of the day, and room temperature among others) are fundamental in order to obtaining accurate body composition estimates. 17 Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) Recent advances in techniques to measure body composition have provided DXA for assessment of the whole body as well as regional measurements of bone mass, lean mass, and body fat in children.…”

Section: Bioimpedance Analysis (Bia)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome measurements in paediatric obesity prevention trials

Pietrobelli

2004

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE: Obesity in children impacts on their health in both the short and long term. Having an accurate and precise body composition assessment, it may be possible to control growth process and predict adult status in order to reduce the risk factors for various diseases. METHOD: To review methods for body composition assessment that may provide new insights into the clinical practicality of paediatric obesity prevention/treatment. To present which specific outcome measurements in paediatric obesity prevention trials could be used to detect subjects at risk as early as possible. RESULTS: We discussed body composition measurements that could be used in daily clinical practice and as outcome measurements in prevention trials. CONCLUSION: These measurement procedures could be associated with methods for preventing obesity onset or retarding the weight gain associated with ageing.

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Prediction of adult body composition from infant and child measurements

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

Body composition and physical fitness of undernourished South African rural primary school children

Outcome measurements in paediatric obesity prevention trials

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