“…In our previous studies, we measured radial and axial temperature profiles of saturated steam and air mixtures in a vertical tube with the diameter of d = 49.5 mm (Murase et al, 2019). We confirmed that existing qc correlations (Araki et al, 1995;Liao and Vierow, 2007) defined between the bulk and condensation surface could be approximately applied to the region from the turbulent layer to the bulk (Murase et al, 2021), and we experimentally evaluated profiles of dimensionless temperature T + and steam mass fraction Ys + (Murase et al, 2022), which are used for wall functions in turbulent analyses with coarse computation cells. However, the qc correlations and wall functions are applied in CFD analyses by using computed results, and computed temperatures are often smaller than measured ones in the boundary layer (Legay-Desesquelles and Prunet-Foch, 1986;Kang and Kim, 1999).…”