Prediction equations for maximal respiratory pressures of Brazilian adolescents

Abstract

| Background: The literature emphasizes the need for studies to provide reference values and equations able to predict respiratory muscle strength of Brazilian subjects at different ages and from different regions of Brazil. Objectives: To develop prediction equations for maximal respiratory pressures (MRP) of Brazilian adolescents. Method: In total, 182 healthy adolescents (98 boys and 84 girls) aged between 12 and 18 years, enrolled in public and private schools in the city of Natal-RN, were evaluated using an MVD300 digital manometer (Globalmed ® ) according to a standardized protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 17.0 software, with a significance level of 5%. Data normality was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and descriptive analysis results were expressed as the mean and standard deviation. To verify the correlation between the MRP and the independent variables (age, weight, height and sex), the Pearson correlation test was used. To obtain the prediction equations, stepwise multiple linear regression was used. Results: The variables height, weight and sex were correlated to MRP. However, weight and sex explained part of the variability of MRP, and the regression analysis in this study indicated that these variables contributed significantly in predicting maximal inspiratory pressure, and only sex contributed significantly to maximal expiratory pressure. Conclusion: This study provides reference values and two models of prediction equations for maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures and sets the necessary normal lower limits for the assessment of the respiratory muscle strength of Brazilian adolescents.Keywords: adolescent; respiratory muscles; spirometry; muscle strength; reference values; movement. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE

Predictive equations for maximal respiratory pressures of children aged 7–10

“…As described in the literature, 7 , 8 , 9 , 16 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 30 , 31 , 32 higher MRP values were found in males and these values increased over time. The study that evaluated the MRP at each age 19 in general also demonstrated this progressive behavior in the values for pressures, as did other studies.…”

“…Strength is considered an essential measure in the evaluation of various health conditions and monitoring of respiratory muscle weakness in different illnesses. 5 , 6 , 7 …”

<b>Comparação dos valores obtidos e previstos das pressões respiratórias máximas em adultos jovens / Comparison of measured and predicted values for maximal respiratory pressures in young adults</b>

“…No entanto, as equações propostas por esse grupo não foram capazes de predizer Pimáx e Pemáx de todos os indivíduos da amostra e sugeriram, ainda, novos estudos, com indivíduos de diferentes regiões do país, a fim de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de melhores tabelas ou equações de referência relativas às pressões respiratórias máximas na população brasileira (13) . Vários estudos sobre as pressões respiratórias máximas também foram realizados com crianças e adolescentes, a fim de normatizar os métodos de avalição e as equações de referência (17) . Um grupo de autores concluiu que equações propostas na literatura obtiveram sucesso para predizer a pressão respiratória máxima em crianças brasileiras (18) .…”

Predicted normal values for maximal respiratory pressures in children

“…One of the most cited studies in the literature was carried out by Black and Hyatt 1 in 1969. Since then, several authors [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] have determined normal values and/or predictive equations for many populations and age groups. Despite the visible increase in the amount of research on this topic, there are still few studies regarding reference equations and normal parameters for assessing respiratory muscle strength in children.…”

“…Studies have been performed with pediatric populations in several countries [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Nevertheless, in Brazil there is still a lack of studies with children and adolescents 7,15 . Heinzmann-Filho et al 15 assessed preschool children and children aged between 3 and 12 years old and proposed predictive equations for maximal respiratory pressures of boys and girls.…”