Predicting Vote Choice and Election Outcomes from Ballot Wording: The Role of Processing Fluency in Low Information Direct Democracy Elections

Shulman, Hillary C.; Sweitzer, Matthew D.; Bullock, Olivia M.; Coronel, Jason C.; Bond, Robert M.; Poulsen, Shannon

doi:10.1080/10584609.2022.2092920

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Prior studies of bond language suggest that we should observe a meaningful effect from changes in ballot wording, particularly those that make the referendum easier to understand (e.g., Goldberg & Carmichael, 2017;Reilly & Richey, 2011;Shockley & Fairdosi, 2015;Shulman et al, 2022). Moreover, the literature on school bond referenda finds a meaningful change in voters' support when costs are communicated in personal terms (e.g., Brunner et al, 2018Brunner et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Voter support for bond referenda: Does it matter if costs are presented as aggregate vs. personal costs?

Lang,

Pearson‐Merkowitz,

Scott

2024

Public Budgeting & Finance

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We explore whether voters' willingness to approve government spending in bond elections is affected by how costs are presented. Using an original survey experiment, we examine willingness to approve bonds, randomizing both the total cost of the bond and the framing of the cost as either a personal cost or an aggregate amount. We find that respondents are less supportive of bonds when the bond is framed as a personal expense and that respondents are more cost‐responsive when they see personal costs. There is also substantial heterogeneity based on the respondent's partisanship and the policy domain of the bond.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Voter support for bond referenda: Does it matter if costs are presented as aggregate vs. personal costs?

Lang,

Pearson‐Merkowitz,

Scott

2024

Public Budgeting & Finance

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“…The experiment focused on how two factors affect metacognitive judgment and ignored how item difficulty affects processing fluency. The relationship between item difficulty and processing fluency has been proposed by Shulman et al ( 2022 ), who suggest that language complexity affects processing fluency. Complex language leads to a less fluent experience, and individuals have higher levels of fluency when processing easier words.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Item Difficulty on Judgment of Confidence—A Cross-Level Moderated Mediation Model

Zhou

Jia

2023

J. Intell.

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The factors that influence metacognitive judgments often appear in combination, rather than in isolation. The multi-cue utilization model proposes that individuals often make use of multiple cues when making judgments. Previous studies have focused on the integration of intrinsic and extrinsic cues, while the current investigation examines the integration and influence of intrinsic cues and mnemonic cues. Judgment of confidence is a common form of metacognitive judgment. In this study, 37 college students completed Raven’s Progressive Matrices and made judgments of confidence. We used the cross-level moderated mediation model to explore the impact of item difficulty on confidence judgments. Our results indicated that item difficulty negatively predicts the level of confidence. Item difficulty has an impact on the confidence evaluation by altering the processing fluency of intermediate variables. The joint effect of intrinsic cue item difficulty and mnemonic cue processing fluency influences confidence judgments. Additionally, we found that intelligence moderates the effect of difficulty on processing fluency across levels. Specifically, individuals with higher intelligence exhibited lower fluency on difficult tasks and higher fluency on simple tasks than individuals with lower intelligence. These findings expand on the multi-cue utilization model and integrate the influence mechanism of intrinsic and mnemonic cues on confidence judgments. Finally, we propose and verify a cross-level moderated mediation model that explains how item difficulty affects confidence judgments.

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I'm not fluent: How linguistic fluency, new media literacy, and personality traits influence fake news engagement behavior on social media

Miller,

Menard,

Bourrie

2024

Information & Management

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Predicting Vote Choice and Election Outcomes from Ballot Wording: The Role of Processing Fluency in Low Information Direct Democracy Elections

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Voter support for bond referenda: Does it matter if costs are presented as aggregate vs. personal costs?

Voter support for bond referenda: Does it matter if costs are presented as aggregate vs. personal costs?

The Impact of Item Difficulty on Judgment of Confidence—A Cross-Level Moderated Mediation Model

I'm not fluent: How linguistic fluency, new media literacy, and personality traits influence fake news engagement behavior on social media

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