“…Numerical modeling based on finite element analyses has been widely used to predict the effective properties of composites, including the mechanical, thermal, electrical, piezoelectric, thermoelectric properties (Pan et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2011;Miled et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2014;Doghri et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2018aLee et al, , 2019. However, to obtain statistically meaningful results, finite element analyses require multiple evaluations of large simulation cells involving a large number of fillers, thus necessitating a much fine mesh near the boundary to serve as representative volumes and leading to the requirement of computationally expensive and time-consuming calculations (Xu and Yagi, 2004;Marcos-Gomez et al, 2010;Lee et al, 2018aLee et al, , 2019. Such extensive numerical calculations are feasible for predictions of the effective properties of systems in the linear response regime.…”