Predicting the tensile strength and elongation at break of PP/graphene/glass fiber/EPDM nanocomposites using response surface methodology

Ghasemi, Faramarz Ashenai; Niyaraki, Meysam Nouri; Ghasemi, Ismaeil; Daneshpayeh, Sajjad

doi:10.1080/15376494.2019.1614702

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…At higher wt% of graphene nanosheets, a decrease in tensile strength is observed due to the agglomeration of nanosheets in the compounds. 23,28 These results are also seen in the FE-SEM image in Figure 6. Adding of PP-g-MA has increased the tensile strength.…”

Section: Results Of Graphene Nanosheets Pp-g-ma and Kenaf Fiber Combination Affecting Tensile Strengthsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…At higher wt% of graphene nanosheets, a decrease in flexural strength is observed due to the agglomeration of nanosheets in the compounds. 23,28 These results are also seen in the FE-SEM image in Figure 6. The addition of 5 wt% PP-g-MA has resulted in the formation of suitable bonds and increased adhesion between the fibers and nanaoparticles with the matrix, which ultimately increases the flexural strength of the compounds.…”

Section: Results Of Graphene Nanosheets Pp-g-ma and Kenaf Fiber Combination Affecting Flexural Strengthsupporting

confidence: 55%

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Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

Mirzaei

Fereidoon

Ghasemi-Ghalebahman

2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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In this study, the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanosheets, kenaf fiber, and polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used as the experimental design. The blends fabricated in three levels of parameters include 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt% graphene nanosheets, 0, 7.5, and 15 wt% kenaf fiber, and 0, 3, and 6 wt% PP-g-MA, prepared by an internal mixer and a hot press machine. The fiber length was 5 mm and was being constant for all samples. Tensile, flexural, and impact tests were conducted to determine the blend properties. The purpose of this research is to achieve the highest mechanical properties of the considered nanocomposite blend. The addition of graphene nanosheets to 1 wt% increased the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 16%, 24%, and 19%, respectively, and an addition up to 1.5 wt% reduced them. With further addition of graphene nanosheets until 1.5 wt%, the elastic modulus was increased by 70%. Adding the kenaf fiber up to 15 wt% increased the elastic modulus, tensile, flexural, and impact strength by 24%, 84%, 18%, and 11%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA has increased the adhesion, dispersion and compatibility of graphene nanosheets and kenaf fibers with matrix. With 6 wt% PP-g-MA, the tensile strength and elastic modulus were increased by 18% and 75%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA to 5 wt% increased the flexural and impact strengths by 10% and 5%, respectively. From the entire experimental data, the optimum values for elastic modulus, as well as, tensile, flexural, and impact strengths in the blends were obtained to be 4 GPa, 33.7896 MPa, 57.6306 MPa, and 100.1421 J/m, respectively. Finally, samples were studied by FE-SEM to check the dispersion of graphene nanosheets, PP-g-MA and kenaf fibers in the polymeric matrix.

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Section: Results Of Graphene Nanosheets Pp-g-ma and Kenaf Fiber Combination Affecting Tensile Strengthsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Results Of Graphene Nanosheets Pp-g-ma and Kenaf Fiber Combination Affecting Flexural Strengthsupporting

confidence: 55%

Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

Mirzaei

Fereidoon

Ghasemi-Ghalebahman

2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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“…In this method, the physical properties of systems are predicated by the mathematical models, 2D and 3D diagrams between input variables, and output responses. [15] With the consideration of various conditions (linear, two-factor interaction [2FI], and quadratic), the mathematical models used in this method can be written as follows (Equations 1-3):…”

Section: Response Surface Methodology)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this method, the physical properties of systems are predicated by the mathematical models, 2D and 3D diagrams between input variables, and output responses. [ 15 ] With the consideration of various conditions (linear, two‐factor interaction [2FI], and quadratic), the mathematical models used in this method can be written as follows (Equations ):

y goodbreak= β_{0} goodbreak+ \sum_{i = 1}^{k} β_{i} x_{i} goodbreak+ ε

y goodbreak= β_{0} goodbreak+ \sum_{i = 1}^{k} β_{i} x_{i} goodbreak+ \sum_{i = 1 \leq i \leq j}^{k} β_{ij} x_{i} x_{j} goodbreak+ ε

y goodbreak= β_{0} goodbreak+ \sum_{i = 1}^{k} β_{i} x_{i} goodbreak+ \sum_{i = 1}^{k} β_{ii} x_{i}^{2} goodbreak+ \sum_{i = 1 \leq i \leq j}^{k} β_{ij} x_{i} x_{j} goodbreak+ ε

In these equations, y is the response of the system,

x_{i}

and

x_{j}

are input variables,

β_{i}

β_{ii}

, and

β_{ij}

are the regression coefficients,

β_{0}

is the constant parameter, ε is the error matrix, and k is the number of variables. [ 16,17 ] In this paper, numerical optimization was performed using Design Expert 7.1.5 software.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of PA6/NBR nanocomposites

2022

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Polyamide 6/Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/Perlite nanocomposites with different percentages of NBR phase and perlite nanoparticle were prepared using the melt mixing process. The fracture behavior of PA6/NBR/Perlite nanocomposites was studied by the essential work of fracture method (EWF).Furthermore, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the effect of input variables, namely NBR and perlite content, on fracture behavior and Young's modulus of these nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy was used as a method for studying the morphology of the thermoplastic elastomer matrix containing different percentages of NBR elastomer and perlite nanoparticles. The results confirmed that, with controlling input variables, the optimum conditions of the system could be obtained, which leads to an improvement in fracture behavior and modulus strength of PA6/NBR/Perlite nanocomposites. RSM results illustrated that Young's modulus is increased from 2539 to 2862 MPa with an increase in perlite content from 3 to 7 wt%, when NBR content is 20 wt%. Moreover, Elongation at break is increased from 59.8% for 20 wt% NBR elastomer up to 102.8% for 40 wt%.The results of the EWF test illustrated that the samples with 30 and 10 wt%. NBR and 5 wt% perlite, have the maximum values of essential work of fracture (283.8 N/mm) and nonessential work of fracture (22.2 N/mm 2 ), respectively.

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“…They have a wide application in industry due to their ability to stretch, to moderate elongation and return to their near original shape, excellent thermal, mechanical, and chemical resistances [3,4]. In recent years, a lot of articles reported on mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of TPE blends [5][6][7]. The fracture toughness of PA6/NBR/Hallosite nanotube (HNTs) nanocomposite was investigated by Paran et al [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of PA6/NBR nanocomposites fabricated by friction stir processing

Ghorbankhan

Nakhaei

2021

IJE

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Predicting the tensile strength and elongation at break of PP/graphene/glass fiber/EPDM nanocomposites using response surface methodology

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

Fracture behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of PA6/NBR nanocomposites

Microstructure and mechanical properties of PA6/NBR nanocomposites fabricated by friction stir processing

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