Abstract:Climate change is likely to affect plants in multiple ways, but predicting the consequences for habitat suitability requires a process-based understanding of the interactions. This is at odds with existing approaches that are mostly phenomenological and largely restricted to predicting the effects of changing temperature and rainfall on species distributions at a coarse spatial scale. We examine the multiple effects of climate change, including predicting the effects of altered flood regimes and land-use chang… Show more
“…De la misma forma, en los MDE, las RBs han sido escasamente aplicadas (Lehmkuhl et al 2001, Raphael et al 2001, Steventon et al 2006, Newton et al 2007, Pollino et al 2007ay b, Smith et al 2007, Steventon y Daust 2009, Aguilera et al 2010, Grech y Coles 2010, Johnson et al 2010, Dlamini 2011, Jay et al 2011, Laws y Kerler 2012, Murray et al 2012. En general, estos trabajos utilizan datos discretos y construyen el modelo de RB mediante expertos para resolver problemas de clasificación y caracterización.…”
“…De la misma forma, en los MDE, las RBs han sido escasamente aplicadas (Lehmkuhl et al 2001, Raphael et al 2001, Steventon et al 2006, Newton et al 2007, Pollino et al 2007ay b, Smith et al 2007, Steventon y Daust 2009, Aguilera et al 2010, Grech y Coles 2010, Johnson et al 2010, Dlamini 2011, Jay et al 2011, Laws y Kerler 2012, Murray et al 2012. En general, estos trabajos utilizan datos discretos y construyen el modelo de RB mediante expertos para resolver problemas de clasificación y caracterización.…”
“…Gamba grass is expected to have the potential to invade 70% of Australian upland savanna communities (Petty et al 2012). However, disturbance requirements are generally not considered in species distribution modelling which can therefore result in weed potential being seriously overestimated (Murray et al 2012): some habitats may be susceptible to invasion in the absence of anthropogenic disturbance, whereas others may require disturbance before invasion can occur.…”
Section: Invasion Outcomes: Which Ecosystems Have Been Invaded?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Likewise, buffel grass was initially thought to be limited to mesic parts of arid environments, but has since established on spinifex sandplains (hummock grasslands) and rocky terrain (e.g. Dixon et al 2002;Binks et al 2005;Puckey et al 2007;Murray et al 2012).…”
Section: Invasion Outcomes: Limits To Grass Invasion Successmentioning
Abstract. Alien grass species have been intentionally introduced into Australia since European settlement over 200 years ago, with many subsequently becoming weeds of natural environments. We have identified the subset of these weeds that have invaded and become dominant in environmentally important areas in the absence of modern anthropogenic disturbance, calling them 'high-impact species'. We also examined why these high-impact species were successful, and what that might mean for management. Seventeen high-impact species were identified through literature review and expert advice; all had arrived by 1945, and all except one were imported intentionally, 16 of the 17 were perennial and four of the 17 were aquatic. They had become dominant in diverse habitats and climates, although some environments still remain largely uninvaded despite apparently ample opportunities. Why these species succeeded remains largely untested, but evidence suggests a combination of ecological novelty (both intended at time of introduction and unanticipated), propagule pressure (through high reproductive rate and dominance in nearby anthropogenically-disturbed habitats) and an ability to respond to, and even alter, natural disturbance regimes (especially fire and inundation). Serious knowledge gaps remain for these species, but indications are that resources could be better focused on understanding and managing this limited group of high-impact species. They require new management approaches, especially to counteract the advantages of ecological novelty, reduce propagule pressure and better direct the large-scale disturbance regimes that continue to shape plant communities across Australia.
“…Weather and disturbance are important factors affecting the invasiveness of weeds (Hobbs & Humphries 1995;Catford et al 2012;Murray, Stokes, & van Klinken 2012). While climate sets the broad bounds of favorability of conditions for the distribution of weeds, near-term weather is a general stochastic influence on their life history.…”
Weather is a general stochastic influence on the life history of weeds. In contrast, anthropogenic disturbance (e.g. land use) is an important deterministic influence on weed demography. Our aim with this study was to investigate the relative contributions of land use and weather on the demography of Lantana camara (lantana), a weed of agricultural and natural habitats, based on the intensive monitoring of lantana populations under three land uses (viz. farm [pasture], and burnt and grazed forests) in subtropical Australia. Lantana populations were growing vigorously across all land uses (asymptotic population growth rate, λ > 3). Examination of historical demography using retrospective perturbation analyses showed that weather was a strong influence on lantana demography with the transition from an El Niño (2008-09) to a La Niña (2009-10) year having a strong positive effect on population growth rate. This effect was most marked at the grazed site, and to a lesser extent at the burnt site, with seedling-to-juvenile and juvenile-to-adult transitions contributing most to these effects. This is likely the result of burning and grazing having eliminated/reduced interspecific competition at these sites. Prospective perturbation analyses revealed that λ was most sensitive to proportionate changes in growth transitions, followed by fecundity and survival transitions. Examination of context-specific patterns in elasticity revealed that growth and fecundity transitions are likely to be the more critical vital rates to reduce λ in wet years at the burnt and grazed forest sites, compared to the farm/pasture site. Management of lantana may need to limit the transition of juveniles into the adult stages, especially in sites where lantana is free from competition (e.g. in the presence of fire or grazing), and this particularly needs to be achieved in wet years. Collectively, these results shed light on aspects of spatial and temporal variation in the demography of lantana, and offer insights on its context-specific management.
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