Predicting the performance of RO membranes

Comparative 4E analysis for solar desalinated water production by utilizing organic fluid and water

“…Since the RO system modeling is fully expressed in references [1,11,14], in this paper, equations for a single element have been presented in Table 1. The auxiliary equations for solving the nonlinear equations are shown in Table 2.…”

“…Average flow velocity inside the membrane will be determined from Eq. (8) [1,11,14]. The salt concentration of the permeate water is determined by Eq.…”

“…The salt concentration of the permeate water is determined by Eq. (9) [1]. Also, due to concentration polarization phenomenon in the mass transfer process, salt concentration on the membrane wall in the feed water side (C w ) has been calculated based on the film theory by Eq.…”

“…in [11]) the salt rejection is estimated, or in some, recovery ( [5]) is presumed for solving the equations. AlBastaki et al [1] have presented another approach for solving the equations with the same number of unknown parameters. In the present paper, because of employing an accurate and comprehensive modeling, minimum utilization of Al-Bastaki et al [1] results is made.…”

“…Al-Bastaki et al [1] have studied hollow fiber and the spiral-wound recovery theoretically and experimentally. The influence of the phenomenon of concentration polarization and pressure drop has been ignored which makes higher recovery range for RO systems.…”