Predicting the Metal Mixture Toxicity with a Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Model Considering the Time-Dependent Adverse Outcome Pathways
Lanpeng Yang,
Jing Zeng,
Ning Gao
et al.
Abstract:Chemicals mainly exist in ecosystems as mixtures, and understanding and predicting their effects are major challenges in ecotoxicology. While the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) and toxicokinetic−toxicodynamic (TK−TD) models show promise as mechanistic approaches in chemical risk assessment, there is still a lack of methodology to incorporate the AOP into a TK−TD model. Here, we describe a novel approach that integrates the AOP and TK−TD models to predict mixture toxicity using metal mixtures (specifically Cd−Cu… Show more
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