Predicting the Metabolizable Energy (Me) Content of Compounded Feeds for Ruminants

Thomas, P. C.; Roberston, S. A.; Chamberlain, David G.; Livngstone, R. M.; Garthwaite, Paul H.; Dewey, P. J. S.; Smart, R. I.; Whyte, Chelsea

doi:10.1016/b978-0-407-01165-6.50013-4

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…ME was calculated using the formula ME (MJ/kg DM) = 0-25 EE + 0-14 NCD (Thomas, Robertson, Chamberlain, Livingstone, Garthwaite, Dewey and Cole, 1988), where NCD is neutral-detergent cellulase digestibility. ME was calculated using the formula ME (MJ/kg DM) = 0-25 EE + 0-14 NCD (Thomas, Robertson, Chamberlain, Livingstone, Garthwaite, Dewey and Cole, 1988), where NCD is neutral-detergent cellulase digestibility.…”

Section: Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk production from grass silage diets: effects of the composition of supplementary concentrates

et al. 1994

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Thirty-six British Holstein-Friesian cows were offered 9 kg dry matter (DM) daily of one of 12 concentrates together with grass silage ad libitum in a cyclical change-over design experiment during lactation weeks 8 to 22. The carbohydrate source in the concentrates was either mainly starch, mainly digestible fibre or a 1:1 mixture. Each concentrate type was formulated to provide 120,160,200 or 240 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM and similar metabolizable energy concentration. Silage contained 142 g CP per kg DM, in vivo digestible organic matter was 0-690 kg/kg DM, pH 4-4 and ammonia-N 172-2 g/kg total nitrogen. Silage intake increased as fibre replaced starch in the concentrate. Apparent digestibility of organic matter and energy were highest for starch-based concentrates, but there was no effect of carbohydrate source on yields of milk and milk solids. Milk protein concentration was depressed by feeding mixed or fibrous carbohydrates. Silage intake increased on average by 0-13 kg DM per additional 10 g/kg CP in the concentrate. The digestibility of the diet was not affected by increasing CP except for nitrogen. Milk yield increased by 0-028 kg per additional g/kg CP in the concentrate and there were linear effects ofCP on yields of milk solids. As CP increased, milk fat concentration tended to rise ivith starch but was depressed both overall and by offering mixed or fibrous carbohydrates. In contrast milk protein concentration increased with mixed and fibrous carbohydrates but not with starch. It is concluded that when silage is given ad libitum with 9 kg/day concentrates, CP level has more effect than source of carbohydrate on milk production.

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Section: Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk production from grass silage diets: effects of the composition of supplementary concentrates

et al. 1994

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“…The findings of these later experiments are consistent with data from the current study which indicated that IC milk allantoin concentrations varied between 80 and 170umol/l (CV 0-17) and 88 and 218nmol/l (CV 0-24) for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Allantoin secreted in milk is assumed to be derived from plasma as a result of diffusion into mammary alveolar cells (Tiermeyer et al, 1984;Giesecke et al, 1994). Currently, allantoin fluxes entering the mammary gland are thought to be dependent on plasma concentration and mammary blood flow (Martin Orue et al, 1996).…”

Section: Milk Allantoinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spot faecal Givens et al (1988). 3 Calculated according to equation E3 (Thomas et al, 1988). 4 Calculated according to MAFF (1975) (MJ ME/kg DM).…”

Section: Animals and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of milk allantoin excretion as an index of microbial protein supply in lactating dairy cows

Shingfield¹,

Offer²

1998

Anim. Sci.

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The potential of milk allantoin as an index ofmicrobial protein supply was evaluated in two experiments conducted with 12 multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows that examined the effects of altering the supply of metabolizable energy (ME) and fermentable metabolizable energy (FME). In the first experiment, late lactation cows received a 14·3 kg dry matter (DM) per day basal diet consisting of (g/kg DM) chopped barley straw (415), soya-bean meal (322), molassed sugar-beet pulp (197), molasses (33), urea (17) and a vitamin and mineral supplement (17) for a 21-day co-variance period. During four 16-day periods, six treatments were allocated randomly to cows, consisting of potato starch (1, 2 or 3 kg DM per day) or fat supplements (0·64, 1·27 or 1·91 kg DM per day). In the second experiment, early lactation cows received 40 kg/day (fresh weight, (FW)) of silage (307 g/kg toluene-corrected dry matter, 149 g/kg DM crude protein and 11·6 MJ/kg ME). During three 21-day periods, four treatments were evaluated consisting of supplements of either 4·1 (LI) or 8·1 (12) kg fresh weight per day of a low fat concentrate (acid hydrolysis ether extract (AHEE) 45 g/kg DM) or 3·8 (HI) or 7·5 (H2) kg fresh weight per day of a high fat concentrate (AHEE 110 g/kg DM). Both experiments showed individual cow milk allantoin concentration or excretion to be poorly correlated with urinary purine derivative excretion or calculated microbial protein supply. Use of treatment mean (TM) values dramatically improved these relationships. For pooled TM (no. = 10) values from both experiments, close relationships existed between milk allantoin excretion and concentration with milk yield (r values 0·991 and 0·883, respectively). Auto-correlation with milk yield appeared to account for milk allantoin excretion and concentration being highly correlated with urinary purine derivative excretion (r values 0·908 and 0·934, respectively) and calculated microbial protein supply (r values 0·938 and 0·945, respectively). Current experimental data indicates that measurement of milk allantoin is not a reliable indicator of microbial protein supply for individual cows.

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“…comm. ): where A = 0·0155 IVD [(1000 − EE)/1000] and B = 0·0308 EE. where IVD is the concentration of digestible organic matter in the DM (g kg −1 DM) and NCD is the neutral cellulase digestibility (g kg −1 DM) (Thomas et al. , 1988).…”

Section: Management and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The value of malt distillers’ grains ensiled with molassed sugar beet pellets as a feed for dairy cows

McKendrick¹,

Roberts²,

Offer³

2003

Grass and Forage Science

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In one experiment twenty‐four Holstein Friesian cows, average 43 d post‐partum, were used in a changeover design experiment to evaluate the replacement of a cereal‐based concentrate supplement (C) by an ensiled mixture (MGBP) of malt distillers’ grains and molassed sugar beet pellets. The cows were offered grass silage ad libitum [dry matter (DM) content 170 g kg−1, crude protein (CP) concentration 160 g kg DM−1, metabolizable energy (ME) concentration 10·9 MJ kg DM−1] and either C or MGBP at one of three levels (3, 6, 9 kg DM d−1). The composition of C and MGBP were DM content: 853 and 296 g kg−1, CP concentration: 202 and 187 g kg DM−1, ME concentration: 12·6 and 10·8 MJ kg DM−1 respectively. The cows ate all the C supplement but the intakes of MGBP were 2·7, 4·9 and 6·4 kg DM d−1 for the 3, 6 and 9 kg DM d−1 levels of MGBP respectively. Total DM intakes (kg d−1) were 12·5, 15·6, 18·2 for treatments 3‐C, 6‐C and 9‐C and 13·1, 14·4 and 15·9 (s.e., 0·90) for treatments 3‐MGBP, 6‐MGBP and 9‐MGBP respectively. Milk yields (kg d−1) for treatments 3‐C, 6‐C and 9‐C were 19·9, 23·2 and 24·2, respectively, and for treatments 3‐MGBP, 6‐MGBP and 9‐MGBP were, 20·3, 21·3 and 23·0 respectively (s.e., 1·05). Milk fat contents (g kg−1) for treatments 3‐C, 6‐C and 9‐C were 42·8, 42·3, 43·5 respectively and for treatments 3‐MGBP, 6‐MGBP and 9‐MGBP were 39·5, 38·7 and 38·2 (s.e, 1·86), respectively, and milk protein contents (g kg−1) for treatments 3‐C, 6‐C and 9‐C were 30·5, 30·6, 31·8, respectively, and for 3‐MGBP, 6‐MGBP and 9‐MGBP were 30·0, 30·8 and 31·2 (s.e., 0·66) respectively. Milk yield and milk protein contents were significantly higher for the higher levels of supplementary feeding but there was no difference between the types of supplement. The milk fat contents were significantly lower on the MGBP than C supplements. In a second experiment fifteen Holstein Friesian cows, average 126 d post‐partum, were used in a changeover experiment to evaluate the replacement of all (treatment M) or half (treatment MS) of the grass silage (S) in their diet by a mixture of MGBP and straw. All cows received 5·1 kg DM d−1 of concentrate feed. Forage DM intakes were 8·3, 11·2 and 14·2 kg DM d−1 for the S, MS and M treatments respectively. Milk yields (kg d−1) for S, MS and M treatments were 17·0, 19·4 and 20·0 (s.e., 0·56) respectively. Corresponding contents of milk fat and protein (g kg−1) were 42·0, 41·4, 38·6 (s.e., 0·37) and 33·8, 34·1, 34·2 (s.e., 0·42). Ensiled mixtures of malt distillers’ grains and molassed sugar beet pellets can be used to replace some of the conventional concentrates or grass silage for dairy cows giving moderate yields without a loss of production.

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Predicting the Metabolizable Energy (Me) Content of Compounded Feeds for Ruminants

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Milk production from grass silage diets: effects of the composition of supplementary concentrates

Milk production from grass silage diets: effects of the composition of supplementary concentrates

Evaluation of milk allantoin excretion as an index of microbial protein supply in lactating dairy cows

The value of malt distillers’ grains ensiled with molassed sugar beet pellets as a feed for dairy cows

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