Predicting the longitudinal effects of the family environment on prodromal symptoms and functioning in patients at-risk for psychosis

Schlosser, Danielle; Zinberg, Jamie; Loewy, Rachel; Casey-Cannon, Shannon; O’Brien, Mary P.; Bearden, Carrie E.; Vinogradov, Sophia; Cannon, Tyrone D.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.01.017

Cited by 71 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Future research could replicate this study's findings in a larger community-based sample in the context of participants' close relationships, since hostility as rejection from carers increases psychopathology in at-risk individuals (Schlosser et al, 2010). Secondly, the task did not differentiate between complex (rejection and acceptance) and basic emotions (sad and happy); therefore the specificity of the reduced dACC N100-schizotypy association to complex scenes could not be ascertained.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Greater positive schizotypy relates to reduced N100 activity during rejection scenes

et al. 2014

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Social anxiety due to rejection sensitivity (RS) exacerbates psychosis-like experiences in the general population. While reduced dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activity during social rejection in high schizotypy has suggested self-distancing from rejection, earlier stages of mental processing such as feature encoding could also contribute to psychosis-like experiences. This study aimed to determine the stage of mental processing of social rejection that relates to positive schizotypy. Forty-one healthy participants were assessed for schizotypy and RS. Event-related potential amplitudes (ERPs) were measured at frontal, temporal and parieto-occipital sites and their cortical sources (dACC, temporal pole and lingual gyrus) at early (N100) and late (P300 and late slow wave, LSW) timeframes during rejection, acceptance and neutral scenes. ERPs were compared between social interaction types. Correlations were performed between positive schizotypy (defined as the presence of perceptual aberrations, hallucinatory experiences and magical thinking), RS and ERPs during rejection. Amplitude was greater during rejection than acceptance or neutral conditions at the dACC-P300, parieto-occipital-P300, dACC-LSW and frontal-LSW. RS correlated positively with positive schizotypy. Reduced dACC N100 activity during rejection correlated with greater positive schizotypy and RS. Reduced dACC N100 activity and greater RS independently predicted positive schizotypy. An N100 deficit that indicates reduced feature encoding of rejection scenes increases with greater positive schizotypy and RS. Higher RS shows that a greater tendency to misattribute ambiguous social situations as rejecting also increases with positive schizotypy. These two processes, namely primary bottom-up sensory processing and secondary misattribution of rejection, combine to increase psychosis-like experiences.SCHIZOTYPY AND REJECTION SENSITIVITY 3

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Greater positive schizotypy relates to reduced N100 activity during rejection scenes

et al. 2014

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“…At each assessment time point, patients and participants each completed the Perceived Criticism questionnaire (PC), parent and child versions (Hooley and Teasdale 1989; Schlosser et al 2010). The PC examines the extent to which youth perceive criticism in their caregivers (youth version) and the extent to which caregivers believe they are critical towards their children (caregiver version).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PC examines the extent to which youth perceive criticism in their caregivers (youth version) and the extent to which caregivers believe they are critical towards their children (caregiver version). Baseline PC scores have been shown to be predictive of CHR youth follow-up functioning (Schlosser et al 2010). For the purposes of this study, parent and youth perceived criticism ratings functioned as a measure of youth-perceived and caregiver-perceived familial distress.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, unusual thought content, suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and substance abuse are predictive of conversion to psychosis (Cannon et al 2008). In addition, environmental factors, such as warm, supportive family environments are predictive of reduction of symptomatology in CHR youth (O'Brien et al 2006; 2009; Schlosser et al 2010). No published studies to date, however, have specifically examined cross-informant agreement on CHR symptoms in a clinically referred sample.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Youth-caregiver Agreement on Clinical High-risk Symptoms of Psychosis

Golembo-Smith

Bachman

Şentürk

et al. 2013

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Early identification of individuals who will go on to develop schizophrenia is a difficult endeavor. The variety of symptoms experienced by clinical high-risk youth make it difficult to identify who will eventually develop schizophrenia in the future. Efforts are being made, therefore, to more accurately identify at-risk individuals and factors that predict conversion to psychosis. As in most assessments of children and adolescents, however, both youth and parental report of symptomatology and resulting dysfunction are important to assess. The goals of the current study were to assess the extent of cross-informant agreement on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SIPS), a widely-used tool employed to determine clinical high-risk status. A total of 84 youth-caregiver pairs participated. Youth and caregiver raters displayed moderate overall agreement on SIPS-rated symptoms. Both youth and caregiver ratings of youth symptomatology contributed significantly to predicting conversion to psychosis. In addition, youth age and quality of youth-caregiver relationships appear to be related to cross-informant symptom ratings. Despite differences on individual SIPS domains, the majority of dyads agreed on youth clinical high-risk status. Results highlight the potential clinical utility of using caregiver informants to determine youth psychosis risk.

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“…113 Preliminary support for this in PR samples comes from the association of caregiver warmth and moderate parent involvement with symptom and functional improvements over time. 125,126 …”

Section: Characteristics and Correlates Of Psychosis Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Future Directions in Research on the Psychosis Prodrome

Woodberry¹,

Shapiro²,

Bryant³

et al. 2016

Harvard Review of Psychiatry

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The psychosis prodrome, or period of clinical and functional decline leading up to acute psychosis, offers a unique opportunity for identifying mechanisms of psychosis onset and testing early intervention strategies. We summarize major findings and emerging directions in prodromal research and provide recommendations for clinicians working with individuals suspected to be at high risk for psychosis. The past two decades of research have led to three major advances. First, tools and criteria have been developed that can reliably identify imminent risk for a psychotic disorder. Second, longitudinal clinical and psychobiological data from large multisite studies are strengthening individual risk assessment and offering insights into potential mechanisms of illness onset. Third, psychosocial and pharmacological interventions are demonstrating promise for delaying or preventing the onset of psychosis in help-seeking, high-risk individuals. The dynamic psychobiological processes implicated in both risk and onset of psychosis, including altered gene expression, cognitive dysfunction, inflammation, gray and white matter brain changes, and vulnerability-stress interactions suggest a wide range of potential treatment targets and strategies. The expansion of resources devoted to early intervention and prodromal research worldwide raises hope for investigating them. Future directions include identifying psychosis-specific risk and resilience factors in children, adolescents, and non-help-seeking community samples, improving study designs to test hypothesized mechanisms of change, and intervening with strategies that better engage youth, their environmental contexts, and neurodevelopmental targets to improve functional outcomes. Prospective research on putatively prodromal samples has the potential to substantially reshape our understanding of mental illness and our efforts to combat it.

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Predicting the longitudinal effects of the family environment on prodromal symptoms and functioning in patients at-risk for psychosis

Cited by 71 publications

References 14 publications

Greater positive schizotypy relates to reduced N100 activity during rejection scenes

Greater positive schizotypy relates to reduced N100 activity during rejection scenes

Youth-caregiver Agreement on Clinical High-risk Symptoms of Psychosis

Progress and Future Directions in Research on the Psychosis Prodrome

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