Predicting the location of entorhinal cortex from MRI

Fischl, Bruce; Stevens, Allison; Rajendran, Niranjini; Yeo, B.T. Thomas; Greve, Douglas N.; Leemput, Koen Van; Polimeni, Jon̈athan R.; Kakunoori, Sita; Buckner, Randy L.; Pacheco, Jennifer; Salat, David H.; Melcher, Jennifer R.; Frosch, Matthew P.; Hyman, Bradley T.; Grant, P. Ellen; Rosen, Bruce R.; Kouwe, André van der; Wiggins, Graham C.; Wald, Lawrence L.; Augustinack, Jean C.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.033

Cited by 99 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…However, it is not possible to use this method to observe and detect morphology at the neuronal-level resolution in vivo. Fischl et al (2009) proposed a method to define the borders of EC by using MRI-derived cytoarchitecture. In this method, the borders of EC are manually delineated through the identification of distinctive cytoarchitectural features (the cell-dense layer II islands, the cell poor lamina dissecans, and the deep pyramidal layer) by a trained neuroanatomist (Fischl et al, 2009).…”

Section: Boundary Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entorhinal cortex: a good biomarker of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease

Zhou

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractEntorhinal cortex (EC), thought to be the location of the earliest lesions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has been widely studied in recent years. With the irreversible pathological changes of AD, there is an urgent need to find biomarkers that can be used to predict the presence of the disease before it is clinically expressed. The aim of this review is to summarize and analyze recent findings that are relevant to the important role of EC in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild AD and to describe a range of neuroimaging techniques used to define the EC boundary. A comprehensive literature search for articles published up to May 2015 was performed. Our research highlights the finding that atrophy in EC reflects the early pathological changes of AD and can be a strong predictor of prodromal AD. The early changes in EC are a good imaging biomarker that can be used to discriminate individuals with MCI from normal control subjects. A larger degree of atrophy in EC predicts increased disease severity, and the right EC in patients with mild AD exhibited greater changes than the left side. In addition, the EC seems to have an obvious advantage over the hippocampus as a biomarker when predicting future conversion to AD in individuals with MCI, and it may be of help in following the course of disease progression. In this review, we also summarize the main differences observed between the hippocampus and the EC when differentiating diseases. These findings will hopefully provide an opportunity for the effective prevention and early treatment of AD.

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Section: Boundary Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entorhinal cortex: a good biomarker of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease

Zhou

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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“…Unfortunately, these latter fi ndings occur in advanced cases, by which time much of the internal cell layers have been destroyed. Indeed, studies in schizophrenia that show a decline in the hippocampal cell viability marker ( N -acetylaspartate) levels ( 24 ) and hypermetabolism without volumetric changes ( 25 ) suggest that sensitivity to preclinical morphology may be key in establishing disease presence, disease progression, and, by implication, treatment response ( 26 ). Early visualization of signal intensity changes that may refl ect disruptions to hippocampal morphology requires high spatial resolution and contrast typically afforded only by 7.0-9.4-T fi eld strengths and high-element-count coil arrays ( 20,27,28 ).…”

Section: Mr Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Hippocampal Subfields in Young Adults at 7.0 T: Feasibility of Imaging

Prudent¹,

Kumar²,

Liu³

et al. 2010

Radiology

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Purpose:To establish an imaging approach to visualize the 100-m mthick hippocampal neuron-generating dentate granule cell layer (DGCL) consistently within a clinically feasible magnetic resonance (MR) imaging duration and to assess its sensitivity by quantifying the likelihood that it will be detected in healthy young adults. Materials and Methods:The study was HIPAA compliant and institutional review board approved. All subjects provided written informed consent. Ten healthy volunteers (fi ve male subjects, fi ve female subjects; mean age , 26 years 6 6 [standard deviation]) were imaged at 7.0 T by using a 24-element head coil array with three-dimensional T1-weighted MR imaging for anatomic reference, followed by T2*-weighted gradient-echo (echo time, 25 msec; repetition time, 944 msec) imaging at 232-m m in-plane resolution (0.05-mm 3 pixels) in coronal and sagittal slabs (17 sections at 1 mm thick) over the hippocampus in 14 minutes. The entire study took 45 minutes. Results:The DGCL was consistently visible in all 10 enrolled subjects. All larger subfi elds were visible in excellent detail and contrast in every subject. Conclusion:The spatial resolution and tissue contrast at high fi eld strength (7.0 T) MR imaging can be used to consistently reveal hippocampal morphology down to 100-m m subfi elds within a clinically acceptable imaging duration. This imaging technique might be used to detect cellular disarray and degenerative changes in this sensitive circuit earlier than at 1.5 T or even 3.0 T.q RSNA, 2010 1

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“…The human insula is an anatomically and functionally complex structure located deep within the lateral sulcus, or sylvian fissure, and concealed by the opercula [1,2,3,4,5]. Over 200 years have passed since Reil first described the insula in detail [6], yet few detailed in vivo studies of its anatomy exist due partly to the methodological difficulties in imaging the opercular cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neuroimaging Strategy for the Three-Dimensional in vivo Anatomical Visualization and Characterization of Insular Gyri

Rosen

Chen

Hayes

et al. 2015

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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Background: Interest in the anatomy of the insula is driven by its multifunctionality and the need for accurate visualization for surgical purposes. Few in vivo studies of human insular anatomy have been conducted due to methodological and anatomical challenges. Objective: We used brain cortical morphometry tools to accurately reconstruct insular topology and permit a detailed visualization of its gyri in 3 dimensions. Methods: Sixty healthy subjects (33 females; 37.8 ± 12.8 years) underwent 3-tesla MRI scans. The strategy for characterizing the insula was: (1) create 3-dimensional (3-D) insula representations for visual analysis; (2) rate topological features using a gyral conspicuity index; (3) identify individual variations across subjects/between groups; (4) compare to prior findings. Results: Insular reconstruction was achieved in 113/120 cases. The anterior short, posterior short, anterior long gyri and central sulcus were easily identified. In contrast, middle short (MSG), posterior long (PLG) and accessory gyri (AG) were highly variable. The MSG, but not the PLG or AG, was clearer in males and in the left hemisphere, suggesting sex- and laterality-related differences. Conclusions: A noninvasive in vivo 3-D visualization strategy revealed anatomical variations of the insula in a healthy cohort. This methodological approach can be adopted for broad clinical and/or research purposes.

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Predicting the location of entorhinal cortex from MRI

Cited by 99 publications

References 96 publications

Entorhinal cortex: a good biomarker of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease

Entorhinal cortex: a good biomarker of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease

Human Hippocampal Subfields in Young Adults at 7.0 T: Feasibility of Imaging

A Neuroimaging Strategy for the Three-Dimensional in vivo Anatomical Visualization and Characterization of Insular Gyri

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