Predicting the impact of environmental factors on citrus canker through multiple regression

Abstract

Climatic conditions play a significant role in the development of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc). Citrus canker is regarded as one of the major threats being faced by citrus industry in citrus growing countries of the world. Climatic factors exert significant impacts on growth stage, host susceptibility, succulence, vigor, survival, multiplication rate, pathogen dispersion, spore penetration rate, and spore germination. Predicting the impacts of climatic factors on these traits could aid in the development of effective management strategies against the disease. This study predicted the impacts of environmental variables, i.e., temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed the development of citrus canker through multiple regression. These environmental variables were correlated with the development of canker on thirty (30) citrus varieties during 2017 to 2020. Significant positive correlations were noted among environment variables and disease development modeled through multiple regression model (Y = +24.02 + 0.5585 X1 + 0.2997 X2 + 0.3534 X3 + 3.590 X4 + 1.639 X5). Goodness of fit of the model was signified by coefficient determination value (97.5%). Results revealed the optimum values of environmental variables, i.e., maximum temperature (37°C), minimum temperature (27°C), relative humidity (55%), rainfall (4.7–7.1 mm) and wind speed (8 Km/h), which were conducive for the development of citrus canker. Current study would help researchers in designing better management strategies against citrus canker disease under changing climatic conditions in the future.

Unleashing the Potential of EIL Transcription Factors in Enhancing Sweet Orange Resistance to Bacterial Pathologies: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling

“…Among these, citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. Citri ( Xcc ) and Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus ( C Las) are the most destructive biotic stresses affecting citrus crops on a global scale, resulting in substantial economic repercussions for the citrus industry [ 24 , 25 ]. Here, ten sweet orange EIL TFs were systematically identified through genome-wide analysis, followed by analysis of their chromosomal location, gene duplication, structural features, conserved structural domains, motifs, and cis -regulatory elements (CRE).…”

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Euphorbia wallichii Leaf Extract: Its Antibacterial Action against Citrus Canker Causal Agent and Antioxidant Potential

“…The symptoms include leaf spotting, fruit rind-blemishing, premature fruit development and dieback, which cause extensive damage to citrus [ 7 , 8 ]. It is considered as one of the major threats to the citrus industry worldwide [ 9 ]. Technologies such as biological control using plant extracts [ 10 ] and the applications of nanoparticles [ 11 , 12 ] could be effectively used to control plant disease.…”

Clarification of the infection pattern of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri on citrus fruit by artificial inoculation

“…7 A) confirmed the invasion of Xcc to citrus fruit 2–3 weeks earlier than previous reported observation [ 4 ]. This phenomenon might relate with global warming, as the pathogen may find an optimum temperature for infections during spring, a season previously considered unsuitable for Xcc infection [ 19 ]. Based on these results, it essential to start the prevention and control of citrus canker disease from the flowering stage and extend until fruit ripening.…”

“…If the environmental conditions are not suitable, it takes at least 60 days to present visible symptoms. Based on these knowledges, it seems that the summer shoots and the fruits in expansion are easily infected by Xcc , but with warmer global temperature, the spring shoots also become a node for canker disease outbreaks [ 19 ].…”