Predicting the Enthalpy of Vaporization and Calculating the Entropy of Vaporization of 87 Octane Gasoline Using Vapor Pressure

Abernathy, Shawn M.; Brown, Kelly R.

doi:10.4236/oalib.1102954

Cited by 4 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Hence, it is an old technique that has stood the test of time since the basis design has been upgrade on numerous occasions to be a more efficient method for collecting VP data. The fundamental apparatus for the instrument consists of a boiler, condenser, heating source for the boiler, thermometer, vacuum, and manometer. ,,, The ebulliometer employed in this research consisted of a 250 mL round-bottom (rb) flask as the boiler in which a reflux condenser was connected. The boiler served as the reservoir for the VOCs under investigation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 It is important to note that water is our primary calibration/reference liquid for the VPAS and was also in prior work. 1,2 Nonetheless, the water VP data in this investigation are unique to this work.…”

Section: Evaluating the Reliability Of The Vpas From The δH Vap Of Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predicting the Enthalpy of Vaporization and Calculating the Entropy of Vaporization of 87 Octane Gasoline Using Vapor PressureAbernathyS. M.BrownK. Abernathy, S. M. Brown, K. e205410.4236/oalib.1102954OALib20163 …”

Section: Key Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These organic chemicals are found in petroleum fuels, hydraulic fluids, and dry-cleaning products. VOCs can be found in everyday household products. − They are commonly found in household products such as floor wax, varnishes, paint strippers and thinners, glues, and adhesives. − Mothballs are a solid VOC with a distinct odor, which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. VOCs are also found in the office setting in such products as permanent markers, correction fluid, printer cartridges, copier cartridges, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calculating the Enthalpy of Vaporization of Ethanol, n-Heptane, Isooctane, and a Binary Mixture of Isooctane + n-Heptane from Their Vapor Pressure Data

2023

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Conspectus A key physical property of volatile liquids is vapor pressure (VP). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a classification of compounds directly associated with low boiling points, high rates of evaporation, and high flammability. The majority of chemists and chemical engineers were directly exposed to the odor of simple ethers, acetone, and toluene in the air while taking an organic chemistry laboratory course as an undergraduate student. These are just a few examples of the numerous VOCs produced by the chemical industry. When toluene is poured into a beaker from its reagent bottle, its vapors readily evaporate at ambient temperature from this open container. When the cap is securely placed back on the reagent bottle of toluene, a dynamic equilibrium develops and exists in this closed environment. This chemical concept is known as a vapor–liquid phase equilibrium. A crucial physical property of spark-ignition (SI) fuels is high volatility. In the United States, most of the vehicles traveling on the road today have SI engines. Gasoline is the fuel used to power these engines. It is a major product manufactured by the petroleum industry. This fuel is petroleum based since it is a refined product of crude oil consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons, additives, and blending agents. Thus, gasoline is homogeneous solution of VOCs. The VP as a function of temperature of a pure VOC can readily be measured using an ebulliometer. The VP is also known in the literature as the “bubble point pressure”. In this investigation, the VP as a function of temperature was acquired for the VOCs ethanol, isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane), and n-heptane. The latter two VOCs are primary reference fuels components found in 87, 89, and 92 grade gasoline. Ethanol is an oxygenate additive of gasoline. The VP of a homogeneous binary mixture of isooctane and n-heptane was also acquired using the same ebulliometer and methodology. In our work, an enhanced ebulliometer was used to collect the VP data in our work. It is known as the vapor pressure acquisition system. The devices that comprise the system automatically acquire the VP data and log it into an excel spreadsheet. The data are readily transformed into information to compute the heat of vaporization (ΔH vap ). The results described in this Account compare quite favorably to the literature values. This validates our system for performing fast and reliable VP measurements.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluating the Reliability Of The Vpas From The δH Vap Of Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Key Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Calculating the Enthalpy of Vaporization of Ethanol, n-Heptane, Isooctane, and a Binary Mixture of Isooctane + n-Heptane from Their Vapor Pressure Data

2023

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“…Accurate vapor pressure data for volatile organic hydrocarbons, such as n -octane, are required when modeling industrial chemical reactions in the vapor phase that produce energy or target chemicals . Applications of automotive and aviation fuels and many catalytic processes need these data to achieve optimum performance.…”

Section: Descriptions Of the Remote Laboratoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Characterization of Student Interactions in a Remote Laboratory: Measurement of the Enthalpy and Entropy of Vaporization of n-Octane

et al. 2022

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A remote laboratory that measures the enthalpy of vaporization (ΔH vap °) and the entropy of vaporization (ΔS vap °) of noctane was designed, constructed, and offered to second-year physical chemistry undergraduates at the University of New England (UNE) and Curtin University. The experiment was delivered in real-time, using equipment controlled remotely via the internet. A survey instrument was developed to investigate the learning process from the students' viewpoint and was followed by focus group interviews. Guidance from the laboratory manual and from the visual hints available through the webcam was important for their learning and was used most frequently among all the interactions. The students were satisfied with the laboratory and would like to perform other remote experiments. Types of learning interactions, such as experiment construction and technical skill learning, could be partly achieved with support from technicians and the meticulous design of online guidance.

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Citronella Oil as Bioadditives on Si Engine Performance Characteristics

Alfian,

Farhani,

Supriyadi

et al. 2023

JRM

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Current dynamics of world energy supply have driven various innovations by the industry as well as research communities. Fossil fuels, although experiencing a declining interest due to sustainability issues, remain undeniably crucial since they are nearly irreplaceable in some sectors including electricity generation, it is necessary to continuously establish efforts to improve efficiency of those kinds of fuel. In this work, the authors evaluate the potential of locally sourced essential oils, namely citronella, as a fuel additive in a vision of raising the fuel economy of gasoline RON 90. Citronella oil was selected based on a positive hypothesis deduced from its chemical properties, as mentioned in multiple published works. Tests were made on a generator-set powered by gasoline engine using the mixture of RON 90 and citronella oil of various concentrations as the fuels. In addition, a commercial synthetic additive was also tested alongside the essential oil to provide a comparative figure. Meanwhile other investigators suggest a favorable effect of essential oils, our results show that citronella oil additions lead to higher fuel consumption at the same power level. A similar negative effect was also demonstrated by the synthetic additive. The only sector showing positive results is in terms of exhaust temperature where experiments with citronella additives create lower exhaust temperature as compared to pure gasoline and synthetic additives. However, rooms for innovation remain open by exploring other variables such as higher additive concentrations or combining different kinds of essential oils.

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Predicting the Enthalpy of Vaporization and Calculating the Entropy of Vaporization of 87 Octane Gasoline Using Vapor Pressure

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Calculating the Enthalpy of Vaporization of Ethanol, n-Heptane, Isooctane, and a Binary Mixture of Isooctane + n-Heptane from Their Vapor Pressure Data

Calculating the Enthalpy of Vaporization of Ethanol, n-Heptane, Isooctane, and a Binary Mixture of Isooctane + n-Heptane from Their Vapor Pressure Data

Analysis and Characterization of Student Interactions in a Remote Laboratory: Measurement of the Enthalpy and Entropy of Vaporization of n-Octane

Citronella Oil as Bioadditives on Si Engine Performance Characteristics

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