Predicting the Capacity of Powdered Activated Carbon for Trace Organic Compounds in Natural Waters

Knappe, Detlef R.U.; Matsui, Yoshihiko; Snoeyink, Vernon L.; Roche, P.; Prados, María José; Bourbigot, Marie-Marguerite

doi:10.1021/es970833y

Cited by 132 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…(L g −1 ) 1/n 1/n (L g −1 ) 1/n 1/n (L g −1 ) 1/n 1/n (L g −1 ) 1/n 1/n concentrations (Knappe et al, 1998). This suggests that % E2 removal at lower concentrations (<1 ng L −1 ) would be equivalent with % removals at higher levels where scintillation counting is accurate.…”

Section: Kinetic and Pac Dose-response Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adsorption of 3H-Labeled 17-β Estradiol on Powdered Activated Carbon

Yoon

Westerhoff

Snyder

2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Three source waters, two model waters (Ultrapure (natural organic matter (NOM)-free)) water and Suwannee River NOM isolate by reverse osmosis (SR-NOM)) and a natural water (Colorado River water (CRW)), were tested. Those waters were selected to represent a relatively hydrophobic NOM (SR-NOM) and a relatively hydrophilic NOM (CRW) based on their specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA = UVA 254 /DOC) values. The adsorption of an estrogenic compound, 17β-estradiol (E2), on powdered activated carbons (PACs) was investigated. Kinetic and PAC dose-response experiments were performed with PACs at an initial concentration of 0.1 nM (27 ng L −1 ). Additional experiments were also performed at various initial concentrations ranging from 0.025 nM (6.8 ng L −1 ) to 5.0 nM (1360 ng L −1 ) to determine the effects of initial concentration on E2 adsorption. In separate experiments, 17β-estradiol was introduced to PAC as a pure component, in binary mixtures with other salts (NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 , and CaCl 2 ), and under varying pH conditions (4.0, 7.5, and 11.0) to determine the effects of pH and background ions on E2 adsorption. Samples were measured by liquid scintillation counting using 3 H radio-labeled E2. Without preconcentration, a method detection limit using the liquid scintillation counter was 0.005 nM (1.36 ng L −1 ), respectively. Increasing contact time and PAC dose improved compound removal. Activated carbon is a viable technology for water treatment plants.

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Section: Kinetic and Pac Dose-response Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adsorption of 3H-Labeled 17-β Estradiol on Powdered Activated Carbon

Yoon

Westerhoff

Snyder

2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…For example, PAC added at dosages ranging from 5 to 50 mg/L removed greater than 90% of methylisoborneol (Log K OW 5 3.1) in raw water (Gillogly et al, 1998;Zhang and Emary, 1999;Bruce et al, 2002). Under the conditions encountered in drinking water treatment plants, removal of micropollutants by PAC tends to be independent of initial contaminant concentrations (Knappe et al, 1998;Leung and Segar, 1999). In a laboratory, 20 mg/L of PAC with 1-h contact time reduced the concentration of the moderately hydrophobic pesticide lindane (Log K OW 5 3.72) from 10 to 0.1 mg/L (Kouras et al, 1998).…”

Section: Implications For the Water Industry 457mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freundlich "K " values are available for numerous compounds regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act (Speth and Adams, 1993;Speth and Miltner, 1998), and correlated with physical properties of organic compounds (Crittenden et al, 1999). Freundlich constants can be used to predict PAC and GAC performance (Knappe et al, 1998;Najm et al, 1991aNajm et al, , 1991b …”

Section: Implications For the Water Industry 457mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Endocrine Disruptors in Water: Implications for the Water Industry

Snyder¹,

Westerhoff²,

Yoon³

et al. 2003

Environmental Engineering Science

781

364

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For over 70 years, scientists have reported that certain synthetic and natural compounds could mimic natural hormones in the endocrine systems of animals. These substances are now collectively known as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), and have been linked to a variety of adverse effects in both humans and wildlife. More recently, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been discovered in various surface and ground waters, some of which have been linked to ecological impacts at trace concentrations. The majority of EDCs and PPCPs are more polar than traditional contaminants and several have acidic or basic functional groups. These properties, coupled with occurrence at trace levels (i.e., ,1 mg/L), create unique challenges for both removal processes and analytical detection. Reports of EDCs and PPCPs in water have raised substantial concern among the public and regulatory agencies; however, very little is known about the fate of these compounds during drinking and wastewater treatment. Numerous studies have shown that conventional drinking and wastewater treatment plants can not completely remove many EDCs and PPCPs. Oxidation with chlorine and ozone can result in transformation of some compounds with reactive functional groups under the conditions employed in water and wastewater treatment plants. Advanced treatment technologies, such as activated carbon and reverse osmosis, appear viable for the removal of many trace contaminants including EDCs and PPCPs. Future research needs include more detailed fate and transport data, standardized analytical methodology, predictive models, removal kinetics, and determination of the toxicological relevance of trace levels of EDCs and PPCPs in water.Key words: endocrine disruptor; pharmaceutical; drinking water; wastewater; treatment; review 449 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS P ERHAPS THE MOST DIFFICULT PART of understanding the subject of endocrine disruption involves a definition of the term. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has defined environmental endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) as exogenous agents that interfere with the "synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimi- nation of natural hormones in the body that are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis, reproduction, development, and/or behavior" (EPA, 1997). However, definitions and opinions on what defines an EDC vary greatly. It is generally accepted that the three major classes of endocrine disruption endpoints are estrogenic (compounds that mimic or block natural estrogen), androgenic (compounds that mimic or block natural testosterone), and thyroidal (compounds with direct or indirect impacts to the thyroid). As we will illustrate, the majority of research thus far has focused only on estrogenic compounds; however, disruption of androgen and thyroid function may be of greater or equal importance biologically.Although the topic of endocrine disruption is considered an "emerging issue" in the water industry, scientists have known about the ability o...

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“…The lower the initial MTBE concentration was employed, the more reduction of adsorption capacity was observed. This kind of capacity reduction is commonly present in the adsorption of organic compounds onto activated carbon in natural water systems [21,22].…”

Section: Adsorption Isotherms Of Resins In Natural Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%