Predicting Temperature Changes During Cold Water Immersion and Exercise Scenarios: Application of a Tissue–Blood Interactive Whole-Body Model

Paul, Anup K.; Zachariah, Swarup A.; Zhu, Liang; Banerjee, Rupak K.

doi:10.1080/10407782.2014.994417

Cited by 12 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The simulated temperature results are consistent with measurements and observations in the literature. 4 Our focus in this study was to examine the relationship between the forehead temperature and the body core temperature. A typical temperature distribution in the head and neck region of the adult model is given in Figure 3, when the head and neck are exposed to a convection boundary condition of h = 5 W/m 2 °C and T air = 25°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Differences Between Body Core and Forehead Temperatures Measured by Infrared Thermometers

Vesnovsky

Topoleski

et al. 2017

2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference

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In recent years, outbreaks of highly contagious diseases, like the Ebola virus, have motivated vigorous efforts to screen travelers entering the United States, especially at airports. Screening involves monitoring the body temperature of entering travelers, and blocking entry of those showing a fever, indicating a potential infection. Typically, screening is performed using commercially available non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs). These thermometers require specific use protocols (e.g., working distances) to provide accurate results, which may not be followed by inspectors reluctant to approach potentially contagious travelers. Furthermore, the NCITs’ accuracy is based on an assumption that the NCIT readings from a forehead will predict the body core temperatures using a simple common one-size-fits-all correction offset. Unfortunately, the temperature detected on the forehead surface by an NCIT may not represent the true body core temperature, due to the changing conditions of the external environment and/or surface conditions of the forehead skin. It is not clear whether the correction factor is able to adjust to the thermal environment, or whether the surface condition of the forehead, including sweat and skin tone, affects the NCIT readings. Before a clinical study is conducted to understand the differences between the forehead temperatures and the body core temperatures, a computational model to simulate temperature distribution inside and on the surface of the body is a cost-effective way to identify factors that influence the temperatures and to study the reasons for their deviations. The objectives of this study were to 1) develop a numerical whole-body model and perform computational heat transfer simulations of different body geometries and 2) perform parametric studies to evaluate the effect of environmental factors, such as air temperature and heat transfer coefficient, on the differences between the forehead temperature and body core temperature. This data can be used to evaluate correction factors or needed to use the measured forehead temperature to predict the body core temperature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Differences Between Body Core and Forehead Temperatures Measured by Infrared Thermometers

Vesnovsky

Topoleski

et al. 2017

2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference

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“…The whole body model developed in our lab [12] is composed of the Pennes' equation to calculate the temperature distribution in the tissue subdomains, and an energy balance equation to determine the change in the blood temperature (T blood ) during each time-step. The Pennes' simplified equation is defined as…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, two limiting sets of transient core body temperatures, T c_N_lower and T c_N_upper , were computed for the firefighters by decreasing and increasing the individual heart rate by 10% at each time point. Sweat Evaporation: When the increase in local blood perfusion is unable to regulate body temperature within its acceptable range, the evaporation of sweat is utilized to increase the removal of heat generated in the exercising muscles [12]. The original boundary condition at the body surface is defined as…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parameter E was calculated as a function of the evaporative heat transfer rate (h e ), skin wettedness factor (w), intrinsic clothing thermal efficiency (f cl ), the vapor pressure of water (p skin ) at the skin temperature, and the partial pressure of water vapor (p air ) in the ambient air. Further details regarding p skin and p air are reported in our previous study [12]. The equation for E [26] is…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our group has previously reported a computational model to assess the thermal response of a human being during exercise and cold water immersion [12][13][14]. For the exercise conditions, the model simulated a realistic human being exercising on a treadmill at walking speeds of 0.9, 1.2, and 1.8 m/s for 30 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison Between Experimental and Heart Rate-Derived Core Body Temperatures Using a Three-Dimensional Whole Body Model

Banerjee

Kalathil

Zachariah

et al. 2018

Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications

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Determination of core body temperature (Tc), a measure of metabolic rate, in firefighters is needed to avoid heat-stress related injury in real time. The measurement of Tc is neither routine nor trivial. This research is significant as thermal model to determine Tc is still fraught with uncertainties and reliable experimental data for validation are rare. The objective of this study is to develop a human thermoregulatory model that uses the heart rate measurements to obtain Tc for firefighters using a 3D whole body model. The hypothesis is that the heart rate-derived computed Tc correlates with the measured Tc during firefighting activities. The transient thermal response of the human body was calculated by simultaneously solving the Pennes' bioheat and energy balance equations. The difference between experimental and numerical values of Tc was less than 2.6%. More importantly, a ± 10% alteration in heart rate was observed to have appreciable influence on Tc, resulting in a ± 1.2 °C change. A 10% increase in the heart rate causes a significant relative % increase (52%) in Tc, considering its allowable/safe limit of 39.5 °C. Routine acquisition of the heart rate data during firefighting scenario can be used to derive Tc of firefighters in real time using the proposed 3D whole body model.

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Research on the human heat transfer model of Chinese pilots and experimental verification of model correctness

Dang

Xue

Zhang

et al. 2020

Neural Comput & Applic

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Predicting Temperature Changes During Cold Water Immersion and Exercise Scenarios: Application of a Tissue–Blood Interactive Whole-Body Model

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Modeling of Differences Between Body Core and Forehead Temperatures Measured by Infrared Thermometers

Modeling of Differences Between Body Core and Forehead Temperatures Measured by Infrared Thermometers

Comparison Between Experimental and Heart Rate-Derived Core Body Temperatures Using a Three-Dimensional Whole Body Model

Research on the human heat transfer model of Chinese pilots and experimental verification of model correctness

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