Predicting Stuttering Onset by the Age of 3 Years: A Prospective, Community Cohort Study

Reilly, Sheena; Onslow, Mark; Packman, Ann; Wake, Melissa; Bavin, Edith L.; Prior, Margot; Eadie, Patricia; Cini, Eileen; Bolzonello, Catherine; Ukoumunne, Obioha C

doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3219

Cited by 181 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

140

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…8 This rate was higher than previously reported, [9][10][11] presumably because our study began in infancy before speech development, and we identified many early cases missed by other studies that did not assess children until they were 3 years of age or older. 9 Although many antecedents and risk factors for stuttering have been proposed, [11][12][13][14] we did not find early stuttering onset to be associated with any social or environmental factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Only 3.7% of the variation in stuttering onset was explained in our multivariable models. 8 In particular, shy temperament was not a risk factor for stuttering onset. Furthermore, children who started to stutter early tended to have larger expressive vocabularies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Furthermore, children who started to stutter early tended to have larger expressive vocabularies. 8 Early intervention is efficacious and highly desirable for those destined for persistent stuttering. 15,16 However, it is unlikely that there would ever be sufficient health care resources to treat all the 8.5% of children who are stuttering by age 3 years, nor that such treatment would be needed because many children recover naturally.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study

et al. 2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Stuttering is extremely common, with 8.5% of children affected by age 3 years in a prospective community-ascertained cohort of Australian children. The natural history and comorbidities of early stuttering are uncertain at the population level.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: The cumulative incidence of stuttering was 11% by 4 years. Stuttering children were similar in temperament and social-emotional development but had better verbal and nonverbal skills than their peers. Recovery from stuttering was low; 6.3% 12 months after onset. abstract OBJECTIVES: To document the natural history of stuttering by age 4 years, including (1) cumulative incidence of onset, (2) 12-month recovery status, (3) predictors of stuttering onset and recovery, and (4) potential comorbidities. The study cohort was a prospective community-ascertained cohort (the Early Language in Victoria Study) from Melbourne, Australia, of 4-year-old children (n = 1619; recruited at age 8 months) and their mothers. METHODS:Outcome was stuttering onset by age 4 years and recovery within 12 months of onset, defined using concurrent monthly parent and speech pathologist ratings. Potential predictors: child gender, birth weight, birth order, prematurity, and twinning; maternal mental health and education; socioeconomic status; and family history of stuttering. Potential comorbidities: preonset and concurrent temperament, language, nonverbal cognition, and health-related quality of life.RESULTS: By age 4 years, the cumulative incidence of stuttering onset was 11.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7% to 12.8%). Higher maternal education (P = .004), male gender (P = .02), and twinning (P = .005) predicted stuttering onset. At outcome, stuttering children had stronger language (mean [SD]: 105.0 [13.0] vs 99.6 [14.6]; mean difference 5.5, 95% CI: 3.1 to 7.8; P , .001) and nonverbal cognition (mean [SD]: 106.5 [11.4] vs 103.9 [13.7], mean difference 2.6, 95% CI: 0.4 to 4.8; P = .02) and better health-related quality of life but were otherwise similar to their nonstuttering peers. Only 9 of 142 children (6.3%; 95% CI: 2.9% to 11.7%) recovered within 12 months of onset. CONCLUSIONS:Although stuttering onset is common in preschoolers, adverse affects are not the norm in the first year after onset. Pediatrics 2013;132: [460][461][462][463][464][465][466][467]

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study

et al. 2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another example can be found in the area of fluency, as stuttering also exhibits developmental nonlinearities. For instance, the onset of stuttering is often associated with somewhat more advanced language development at about 2 years that is suddenly curtailed by fluency difficulties as the child attempts multiword utterances; notably, for half of these children, fluency issues resolve before school age (Reilly et al, 2009). Along a similar line, it is remarkably difficult to establish a specific locus of impairment.…”

Section: Infant Predictors For Communicative Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Individual Variation in Language From Infant Speech Perception Measures

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are increasing reports that individual variation in behavioral and neurophysiological measures of infant speech processing predicts later language outcomes, and specifically concurrent or subsequent vocabulary size. If such findings are held up under scrutiny, they could both illuminate theoretical models of language development and contribute to the prediction of communicative disorders. A qualitative, systematic review of this emergent literature illustrated the variety of approaches that have been used and highlighted some conceptual problems regarding the measurements. A quantitative analysis of the same data established that the bivariate relation was significant, with correlations of similar strength to those found for well-established nonlinguistic predictors of language. Further exploration of infant speech perception predictors, particularly from a methodological perspective, is recommended.Research over the past five decades demonstrates that infants tune their speech perception abilities to language-specific properties of the speech they hear before their first birthday (for a recent review, see Werker & Gervain, 2013). Although most of this past work has sought to pinpoint milestones by using group averages, increasing attention is being paid to correlations between behavioral and neurophysiological measures gathered within the 1st year of life, on the one hand, and individual differences in language development, on the other (e.g., see the collection in Colombo, McCardle, & Freund, 2008;. The study of individual variation in infancy is far from new. For example, habituation and dishabituation measures have been used to assess the fit of different models of the architecture of cognitive skills (e.g., Bornstein, 1998) and to predict language, IQ, and educational outcomes longitudinally, even after several other variables have been controlled for (e.g., Bornstein et al., 2006; see also the Discussion section). Here, we discuss the potential of infant speech processing measures to predict variation in language outcomes over this backdrop of the larger field of cognitive development.Evaluating this emergent strand of research is important for two reasons. First, from a theoretical perspective, focusing on individual differences in speech perception may provide crucial insights into the relative merit of competing theoretical models. For instance, there are two large classes of theories bearing on the emergence of phonology in the 1st year of life (see review in R€ as€ anen, 2012). According to one, infants begin to learn phonology by determining which speech sound categories (which we call phones) their ambient language uses, and they later employ these units to build word formsWe are grateful to our colleagues at the Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, and at both the Psychology of Language and the Genetics of Language Departments at the MPI for insightful discussions. We thank particularly the reviewers for their extremely constructive comments. Some of this work was done wi...

show abstract

“…It might be argued that those whose parents said they stuttered did not actually do so. However, a recent longitudinal study looking at development of early language by Reilly et al (2009) showed that 85% of parents gave accurate reports of their children stuttering at 3 years old, and it seems likely that parents of 16-year-olds would have an even more accurate perception of their child's speech. Furthermore, the male to female ratio (4:1) of participants who were reported to stutter within this study is consistent with other research for adolescence and adulthood (Bloodstein, 1995;Craig, Hancock, Tran, Craig, & Peters, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stuttering, alcohol consumption and smoking

Heelan

McAllister

Skinner

2016

Journal of Fluency Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Limited research has been published regarding the association between stuttering and substance use. An earlier study provided no evidence for such an association, but the authors called for further research to be conducted using a community sample. The present study used data from a community sample to investigate whether an association between stuttering and alcohol consumption or regular smoking exists in late adolescence and adulthood.Methods Regression analyses were carried out on data from a birth cohort study, the National Child Development Study (NCDS), whose initial cohort included 18,558 participants who have since been followed up until age 55. In the analyses, the main predictor variable was parent-reported stuttering at age 16. Parental socio-economic group, cohort member's sex and childhood behavioural problems were also included.The outcome variables related to alcohol consumption and smoking habits at ages 16, 23, 33, 41, 46, 50 and 55. Results No significant association was found between stuttering and alcohol consumption or stuttering and smoking at any of the ages. It was speculated that the absence of significant associations might be due to avoidance of social situations on the part of many of the participants who stutter, or adoption of alternative coping strategies. ConclusionBecause of the association between anxiety and substance use, individuals who stutter and are anxious might be found to drink or smoke excessively, but as a group, people who stutter are not more likely than those who do not to have high levels of consumption of alcohol or nicotine.

show abstract

Predicting Stuttering Onset by the Age of 3 Years: A Prospective, Community Cohort Study

Cited by 181 publications

References 27 publications

Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study

Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study

Predicting Individual Variation in Language From Infant Speech Perception Measures

Stuttering, alcohol consumption and smoking

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About