Predicting soaked CBR of SC subgrade from dry density for light and heavy compaction

Lakshmi, S. Muthu; Geetha, S.; Selvakumar, M.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.558

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The results show that the variables X10 (Maximum dry density) have the most influence, and (X5) Organic content has the most negligible influence on CBR. This is also consistent with the results found in some previous studies (Patel et al, 2010;Bharath et al, 2021;Lakshmi et al, 2021). Maximum dry density is the most essential attribute affecting soil's CBR value.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Application of hybrid modeling to predict California bearing ratio of soil

Thi Thanh Ngo,

Anh Thi Bui,

Nguyen Van

et al. 2024

Vietnam J. Earth Sci.

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California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is used to assess bearing capacity, deformation characteristics of roadbed soil, and base layer material in pavement structure. In general, CBR is often determined by laboratory or in-situ tests. However, it is time- and cost-consuming to conduct this experiment because this test requires cumbersome equipment such as a compressor. In this study, two Artificial Intelligence models are developed, including a simple model (Decision Tree Regression, DT) and a hybrid model (AdaBoost - Decision Tree, AB-DT). Using 214 data samples from Van Don - Mong Cai expressway, Vietnam, 10 input variables of the model were considered namely particle composition (content of gravel (X1), coarse sand (X2), fine sand (X3), silt clay (X4), organic (X5)), Atterberg limits (Liquid limit (X6), Plastic limit (X7), Plastic index (X8)), and compaction curve (optimum water content (X9) and maximum dry density (X10)). The developed models were evaluated by using a variety of statistical indicators, including coefficient of determination (R2), Root mean square error (RMSE), and Mean absolute error (MAE). The results show that AB-DT model has higher accuracy than the DT model. Moreover, the SHAP value analysis shows that the variable X10 influences the CBR value the most. Thus, it implies that applying the AB-DT model to effectively predict the CBR of the roadbed soil saves time and money for experiments.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Application of hybrid modeling to predict California bearing ratio of soil

Thi Thanh Ngo,

Anh Thi Bui,

Nguyen Van

et al. 2024

Vietnam J. Earth Sci.

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“…Although the MDD and OMC are similar to those reported in previous studies, the CBR obtained in the current study is much higher. Relevant Works MDD OMC CBR Muthu Lakshmi S. et al [35] 2.009 g/cm 3 12.63% less than 6.02% A. Bharath et al [36] 1.59-2.87 g/cm 3 12.76-19.4% 1~3% Anjali Gupta et al [37] 1.64 g/cm 3 13.5% less than 15%…”

Section: Cbr Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muthu Lakshmi S. et al [35] 2.009 g/cm 3 12.63% less than 6.02% A. Bharath et al [36] 1.59-2.87 g/cm 3 12.76-19.4% 1~3% Anjali Gupta et al [37] 1.64 g/cm 3 13.5% less than 15% Haibin Wei et al [38] 1.93 g/cm 3 12.2% 0.9-44.9% The current study 1.84 g/cm 3 15.3% more than 70%…”

Section: Relevant Work Mdd Omc Cbrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a Low-Cement-Content Silty Soil Stabilizer Using Industrial Solid Wastes

Li,

Ma,

Wang

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Silty soil performs poorly when used in roads. Cement is generally used as a stabilizer to treat silty soil and enable it to meet the requirements for roadbed filling. However, cement is an environmentally unfriendly material and can cost much. Meanwhile, solid wastes of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), fly ash (FA), and flue gas desulfurized (FGD) gypsum are produced in large quantities annually. Therefore, stabilizer A (cement:ground GBFS:fly ash:FGD gypsum = 30:44:15:11) and stabilizer B (cement:ground GBFS:fly ash:FGD gypsum = 40:38:13:9) were investigated in this study by reducing the cement content in the stabilizer and improving the utilization rate of solid wastes. The compressive strength development, California bearing ratio (CBR), temperature shrinkage, mineral composition, and micro-morphology of the stabilized silty soil were measured. The main findings are as follows: firstly, the addition of solid wastes can mitigate the adverse effect of delay time on compressive strength development. Secondly, the proposed stabilizers can significantly improve the CBR, which can reach 60% with a 4% dosage. Additionally, Stabilizer B is believed to improve the resistance to temperature shrinkage, and a higher stabilizer dosage can reduce the rate of decrease in water stability coefficient. Both X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope observations show that the main hydration products that contribute to the stabilization are C-S-H and ettringite.

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“…It is reported that when the compaction energy was increased, there was an increase in MDD and a decrease in OMC of soil [37][38][39]. The soil particles could be closer when increasing the compaction energy, leading to the reduction of void spaces between soil particles and the amount of water occupying the void spaces.…”

Section: Standard Proctor Compaction Test (Spct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization phosphogypsum as a construction material for road base: a case study in Vietnam

Ngo

Dang

et al. 2021

Innov. Infrastruct. Solut.

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Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the production of fertilizers from phosphate ores, and it contains some harmful substances to the environment. Thus, it is necessary to stabilize/solidify pollutants when using PG as a filling material. The purpose of this study is to investigate and verify the use of PG as a filling material for a road base through laboratory tests for a case study in Vietnam. In this study, PG incorporated with fly ash was stabilized with cement and lime. The specimens of these mixtures were then prepared and cured under wet and dry conditions. The mechanical properties of specimen were investigated through the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), and modulus of elasticity. The physical property of this stabilization was examined using scanning electron microscopy. A toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test was also conducted to assess environmental impact. The results showed that when PG was replaced partially by other materials such as cement, fly ash, lime, or sand, the maximum dry densities of specimens were increased, and their optimum moisture contents were decreased. The inclusion of 10% of FA and 10% of cement or 20% of FA, 5% of lime, and 5% of cement significantly enhanced the UCS of specimens using PG at the ages of 28 days. The compressive strength under the dry condition was higher than that under the wet condition. Additionally, all mixtures showed a higher modulus of elasticity and CBR value than the requirement of road base material. The utilization of original PG can be successfully used as raw material in stabilization for applying in the pavement layers of road construction. The obtained results in the present work showed that the physico-mechanical properties in terms of unconfined compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, CBR of PG specimens could satisfy the requirement for the subgrade, subbase, or base course of road construction even when the content of PG comes up to 90%.

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Predicting soaked CBR of SC subgrade from dry density for light and heavy compaction

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Application of hybrid modeling to predict California bearing ratio of soil

Application of hybrid modeling to predict California bearing ratio of soil

Preparation of a Low-Cement-Content Silty Soil Stabilizer Using Industrial Solid Wastes

Utilization phosphogypsum as a construction material for road base: a case study in Vietnam

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