Predicting Relapse in Substance Use: Prospective Modeling Based on Intensive Longitudinal Data on Mental Health, Cognition, and Craving

Lauvsnes, Anders Dahlen Forsmo; Gråwe, Rolf W.; Langaas, Mette

doi:10.3390/brainsci12070957

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In identifying effective outcome predictors, it is therefore important to consider the potential distinctions in the trajectories of short and long-term recovery. Psychometric and behavioral measures including goal-directed thinking 20,21 , impulsivity 22 , and behavioral flexibility 23 have previously demonstrated predictive efficacy in individuals receiving treatment for SUD; compared to traditional clinical and demographic variables, these cognitive measures are better predictors of future drug use and treatment retention at both shorter (<six months) [24][25][26] and longer (≥six months) 27,28 intervals, supporting further investigation of such brain function measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Speak and you shall predict: speech at initial cocaine abstinence as a biomarker of long-term drug use behavior

Agurto¹,

Cecchi²,

King

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Importance: Valid biomarkers that can predict longitudinal clinical outcomes at low cost are a holy grail in psychiatric research, promising to ultimately be used to optimize and tailor intervention and prevention efforts. Objective: To determine if baseline linguistic markers in natural speech, as compared to non-speech clinical and demographic measures, can predict drug use severity measures at future sessions in initially abstinent individuals with cocaine use disorder (iCUD). Design: A longitudinal cohort study (August 2017 - March 2020), where baseline measures were used to predict outcomes collected at three-month intervals for up to one year of follow-up. Participants: Eighty-eight initially abstinent iCUD were studied at baseline; 57 (46 male, age 50.7+/-7.9 years) came back for at least another session. Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcomes were self-reported symptoms of withdrawal, craving, abstinence duration and frequency of cocaine use in the past 90 days at each study session. The predictors were derived from 5-min recordings of vocal descriptions of the positive consequences of abstinence and the negative consequences of using cocaine; the baseline cocaine and other common drug use measures, demographic and neuropsychological variables were used for comparison. Results: Models using the non-speech variables showed the best predictive performance at three(r>0.45, P<2E-3) and six months follow-up (r>0.37, P<3E-2). At 12 months, the natural language processing-based model showed significant correlations with withdrawal (r=0.43, P=3E-2), craving (r=0.72, P=5E-5), days of abstinence (r=0.76, P=1E-5), and cocaine use in the past 90 days (r=0.61, P=2E-3), significantly outperforming the other models for abstinence prediction. Conclusions and Relevance: At short time intervals, maximal predictive power was obtained with models that used baseline drug use (in addition to demographic and neuropsychological) measures, potentially reflecting a slow rate of change in these measures, which could be estimated by linear functions. In contrast, short speech samples predicted longer-term changes in drug use, implying deeper penetrance by potentially capturing non-linear dynamics over longer intervals. Results suggest that, compared to the common outcome measures used in clinical trials, speech-based measures could be leveraged as better predictors of longitudinal drug use outcomes in initially abstinent iCUD, as potentially generalizable to other substance use disorders and related comorbidity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Speak and you shall predict: speech at initial cocaine abstinence as a biomarker of long-term drug use behavior

Agurto¹,

Cecchi²,

King

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There are many mechanisms through which drugs and alcohol can have negative effects on the normal functioning of the brain. These include disturbing nutrient distribution to brain tissue, direct cellular damage, altered chemical homeostasis of the brain, and hypoxia [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Acquired Brain Injury and Its Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Acquired Brain Injury: A Review

et al. 2022

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Any type of brain injury that transpires post-birth is referred to as Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). In general, ABI does not result from congenital disorders, degenerative diseases, or by brain trauma at birth. Although the human brain is protected from the external world by layers of tissues and bone, floating in nutrient-rich cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); it remains susceptible to harm and impairment. Brain damage resulting from ABI leads to changes in the normal neuronal tissue activity and/or structure in one or multiple areas of the brain, which can often affect normal brain functions. Impairment sustained from an ABI can last anywhere from days to a lifetime depending on the severity of the injury; however, many patients face trouble integrating themselves back into the community due to possible psychological and physiological outcomes. In this review, we discuss ABI pathologies, their types, and cellular mechanisms and summarize the therapeutic approaches for a better understanding of the subject and to create awareness among the public.

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“…The probability of relapse to SUDs is predicted by craving and mental distress, among other factors. Substance cravings are shown to predict relapse after residential addiction treatment (Lauvsnes et al, 2022;Stohs et al, 2019;Vafaie & Kober, 2022). Moreover, mental distress, such as depression, anxiety, and stress, often serves as an antecedent to addictive behavior (Amendola et al, 2022;Hunt et al, 2020;Pascoe et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have characterized substance use disorders (SUDs) as chronic and relapsing, with up to 30% of individuals relapsing within the first year of attempted sobriety and 40%–60% in general (Lauvsnes et al., 2022). The probability of relapse to SUDs is predicted by craving and mental distress, among other factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinical trial of the Examen and mindfulness within a secular substance use disorder treatment program

Buenrostro,

Plante

2024

J Addict Offender Couns

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The Examen is a 500‐year‐old Jesuit introspective prayer and reflection. Recent research has indicated that it has utility in psychotherapy. This study implemented the Examen as a secular cognitive–behavioral tool in the first longitudinal clinical trial of the intervention with an addiction treatment population, comparing it directly to a treatment‐as‐usual mindfulness intervention. The study found that Examen and mindfulness are equivalent in outcomes on depression, anxiety, stress, and substance craving. Further research should continue to investigate the Examen as an alternative to mindfulness for religious and secular populations and the factors responsible for the success of these practices.

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Predicting Relapse in Substance Use: Prospective Modeling Based on Intensive Longitudinal Data on Mental Health, Cognition, and Craving

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Speak and you shall predict: speech at initial cocaine abstinence as a biomarker of long-term drug use behavior

Speak and you shall predict: speech at initial cocaine abstinence as a biomarker of long-term drug use behavior

Understanding Acquired Brain Injury: A Review

A clinical trial of the Examen and mindfulness within a secular substance use disorder treatment program

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