Predicting personal exposure of Windsor, Ontario residents to volatile organic compounds using indoor measurements and survey data

Stocco, Corinne; MacNeill, Morgan; Wang, Daniel; Xu, Xiaohong; Guay, Mireille; Brook, Jeff; Wheeler, Amanda

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.03.024

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Acetaldehyde levels in Regina were lower than what was measured in other studies, where average concentrations ranged from 18.1 to 39.6 μg/m 3 [6,22,24,25]. Acetaldehyde in our models was strongly associated with several ventilation parameters, as well as with cooking with oil and cigarette smoke (winter models only).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 66%

Predictors of Indoor Air Concentrations in Smoking and Non-Smoking Residences

Héroux

Clark

Ryswyk

et al. 2010

IJERPH

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Indoor concentrations of air pollutants (benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, elemental carbon and ozone) were measured in residences in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Data were collected in 106 homes in winter and 111 homes in summer of 2007, with 71 homes participating in both seasons. In addition, data for relative humidity, temperature, air exchange rates, housing characteristics and occupants’ activities during sampling were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to construct season-specific models for the air pollutants. Where smoking was a major contributor to indoor concentrations, separate models were constructed for all homes and for those homes with no cigarette smoke exposure. The housing characteristics and occupants’ activities investigated in this study explained between 11% and 53% of the variability in indoor air pollutant concentrations, with ventilation, age of home and attached garage being important predictors for many pollutants.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 66%

Predictors of Indoor Air Concentrations in Smoking and Non-Smoking Residences

Héroux

Clark

Ryswyk

et al. 2010

IJERPH

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“…14 Several studies that have included personal, indoor, and outdoor pollutant measurements have found that personal exposures can exceed indoor and outdoor concentrations. [15][16][17][18] These findings suggest that not all personal exposures are captured by residential indoor and outdoor measurements. In the case of particulate air pollution, simple movement by residents in the home can resuspend particles from clothes or carpeting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Windsor, Ontario Exposure Assessment Study: Design and Methods Validation of Personal, Indoor, and Outdoor Air Pollution Monitoring

Wheeler

Kulka

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…In another southeast Michigan study, but in the more suburban and affluent communities of Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti, ACRs were lower, averaging 0.43 ± 0.37 h −1 (n = 15) [33]. Homes in nearby Windsor, Ontario, Canada were also “tighter” than the Detroit homes, with a geometric mean ACR in winter of 0.32 h −1 (95th percentile confidence interval [CI]: 0.26 to 0.40 h −1 ; n = 32), and only 0.19 h −1 (CI: 0.15 to 0.24 h −1 ; n = 42) in summer [34]. In the Relationship among Indoor Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study, which measured approximately 100 residences each in Elizabeth, NJ, Houston, TX and Los Angeles, CA, the median ACR was 0.71 h −1 (n = 506), and ACRs differed by city (0.87, 0.88 and 0.47 h −1 , respectively), as well as by season [35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACRs typically increase in winter in regions with heating needs (like Michigan and Canada) due to greater indoor/outdoor temperature differences and higher wind speeds, and the stack effect (due to temperature differences) is enhanced in multistory buildings [1,11,34]. In summer and in warm climates, air conditioner use can lower ACRs, as seen in Houston, while in moderate climates or when temperatures are mild, natural (and sometimes mechanical) ventilation promoted by opened windows and doors increases ACRs [9,35,41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Change Rates and Interzonal Flows in Residences, and the Need for Multi-Zone Models for Exposure and Health Analyses

Batterman

Godwin

et al. 2012

IJERPH

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Air change rates (ACRs) and interzonal flows are key determinants of indoor air quality (IAQ) and building energy use. This paper characterizes ACRs and interzonal flows in 126 houses, and evaluates effects of these parameters on IAQ. ACRs measured using weeklong tracer measurements in several seasons averaged 0.73 ± 0.76 h−1 (median = 0.57 h−1, n = 263) in the general living area, and much higher, 1.66 ± 1.50 h−1 (median = 1.23 h−1, n = 253) in bedrooms. Living area ACRs were highest in winter and lowest in spring; bedroom ACRs were highest in summer and lowest in spring. Bedrooms received an average of 55 ± 18% of air from elsewhere in the house; the living area received only 26 ± 20% from the bedroom. Interzonal flows did not depend on season, indoor smoking or the presence of air conditioners. A two-zone IAQ model calibrated for the field study showed large differences in pollutant levels between the living area and bedroom, and the key parameters affecting IAQ were emission rates, emission source locations, air filter use, ACRs, interzonal flows, outdoor concentrations, and PM penetration factors. The single-zone models that are commonly used for residences have substantial limitations and may inadequately represent pollutant concentrations and exposures in bedrooms and potentially other environments other where people spend a substantial fraction of time.

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Predicting personal exposure of Windsor, Ontario residents to volatile organic compounds using indoor measurements and survey data

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Predictors of Indoor Air Concentrations in Smoking and Non-Smoking Residences

Predictors of Indoor Air Concentrations in Smoking and Non-Smoking Residences

Windsor, Ontario Exposure Assessment Study: Design and Methods Validation of Personal, Indoor, and Outdoor Air Pollution Monitoring

Air Change Rates and Interzonal Flows in Residences, and the Need for Multi-Zone Models for Exposure and Health Analyses

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