Predicting persistence and desistence of recidivism in youth offenders : the role of risk and protective factors in criminal offending

Richard, Krista

doi:10.22215/etd/2011-09453

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(290 reference statements)

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“…Rennie and Dolan (2010) found that participants who had not reoffended after being released for 12 months had significantly more protective factors compared to those adolescents who reoffended during the follow up period. Similar results were obtained by Richard (2011) whereby youth who had desisted from violent offending had significantly more protective factors and fewer symptoms of conduct disorder. Further, the SAVRY Protective score was predictive of desistance from violent offending during a 10 year follow up (AUC = .62, p < .01; Richard, 2011).…”

Section: Incorporating Protective Factorssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Similar results were obtained by Richard (2011) whereby youth who had desisted from violent offending had significantly more protective factors and fewer symptoms of conduct disorder. Further, the SAVRY Protective score was predictive of desistance from violent offending during a 10 year follow up (AUC = .62, p < .01; Richard, 2011).…”

Section: Incorporating Protective Factorssupporting

confidence: 76%

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Validating the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-Entry (DRAOR) in a Sample of U.S. Probationers and Parolees

Chadwick¹

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The foundation for effective case management is rooted in the use of a validated risk assessment.The present study sought to validate the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR) among a sample of probationers and parolees (n = 391) in the state of Iowa. Scores across the DRAOR domains were able to differentiate between recidivists and non-recidivists when examining technical violations and any recidivism, although were unable to differentiate between those offenders who were re-arrested and those who remained crime free. An examination of the psychometric properties of the scale suggested that the DRAOR is a valid risk assessment tool. Additionally, Stable dynamic risk factors represented the strongest predictor of technical violations, although were unable to predict rearrest. The predictive utility of the various domains (i.e. Stable, Acute, and Protective) suggested that case managers would benefit from utilizing the DRAOR in the everyday supervision of offenders. U.S. DRAOR VALIDATIONiii Acknowledgements I am extremely grateful to my supervisor, Dr. Ralph Serin, for providing me with this opportunity and for the constant support and feedback throughout the project. I am also thankful for the advice and feedback from my committee member, Dr. Shelley Brown who's comments undoubtedly improved the quality of this project. I also appreciate the knowledge and perspective shared by Dr. Diana Majury. This project would not have been possible without the cooperation of the Iowa Department of Corrections. I truly appreciate the assistance that Dr. Lettie Prell provided throughout the various stages of the project.A special thank you to Caleb Lloyd who provided unwavering support throughout the duration of the project. I am also grateful for the efforts of Mark Girvan and Eric Filleter who assisted with preparing the data.

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Section: Incorporating Protective Factorssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Incorporating Protective Factorssupporting

confidence: 76%

Validating the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-Entry (DRAOR) in a Sample of U.S. Probationers and Parolees

Chadwick¹

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“…Further, protective effects are thought to be greater for adolescents than adults because they are still in the process of development (Ullrich & Coid, 2011). Several studies found that protective factors reduced the risk of verbal, physical, and object-directed aggression, street drug use, and general, violent, and nonviolent recidivism among adolescents (Lodewijks et al, 2010;Richard, 2013;Sher, Warner, McLean, Rowe, & Gralton, 2017;Viljoen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Incorporating Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Validity of the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-Entry Among Intimate Partner Violence Offenders

Perley-Robertson¹

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is among the most common acts of violence against women worldwide, making it a major global threat to women's health and safety. The assessment and management of IPV offenders are therefore vital tasks in criminal justice systems. The current study examined whether the DRAOR, a case management tool, predicted repeat partner abuse among 112 male IPV offenders in Iowa, U.S. While the DRAOR did not predict IPV recidivism in this sample, it appears to be useful for informing case management decisions among partnerviolent men. Risk factors that emerged as important treatment targets were poor attachment with others, substance abuse, anger/hostility, opportunity/access to victims, problematic interpersonal relationships, and overall acute risk. Further research is needed to improve the utility of the DRAOR for predicting IPV recidivism, but this study tentatively supports the use of the DRAOR for supervising IPV offenders until an IPV-specific case management tool is developed.

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“…Additionally, identifying problem behaviours early may prevent future criminal behaviour (Ullrich & Coid, 2011). Research has demonstrated that protective factors reduce the risk of aggression and general, violent, and nonviolent reoffending in adolescents (Lodewijks et al, 2010;Richard, 2004;Viljoen et al, 2012) and that protective factors being present during adolescence predicted lower rates of general offending in adulthood (Cox et al, 2018). Further, the addition of protective factors demonstrated significantly higher amounts of variance explained by dynamic risk factors alone (Lodeqijks et al, 2010).…”

Section: Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Contribution of Responsivity Factors to the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry

Corno¹

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The risk-need-responsivity model has been shown to be an effective method for reducing recidivism rates (Andrews & Bonta, 2010). While the risk and need principles have garnered much attention in previous research, responsivity factors are not as well understood, especially when considering specific responsivity factors. The current study examined the use of three specific responsivity factors-trauma, mental health, and selfefficacy in conjunction with the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR) in predicting recidivism and informing case planning and management. Archival data were used from the Iowa Department of Corrections database to create a sample of male justice-involved persons (N = 3,703) who had been assessed within the first year of their supervision start date. Linear regressions revealed relationships between all three responsivity factors and both total DRAOR scores and items of interest. Logistic regressions revealed relationships between all three responsivity factors and recidivism. However, only trauma and self-efficacy incrementally predicted recidivism when added to the DRAOR. The overall best model for predicting recidivism included total DRAOR scores, trauma, and self-efficacy. When considering all relationships examined, the current study demonstrates the usefulness of these three items in case management and planning as well as the importance of considering specific responsivity factors and attending to needs in order to assist justice-involved persons in achieving better outcomes.

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Predicting persistence and desistence of recidivism in youth offenders : the role of risk and protective factors in criminal offending

Cited by 3 publications

References 158 publications

Validating the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-Entry (DRAOR) in a Sample of U.S. Probationers and Parolees

Validating the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-Entry (DRAOR) in a Sample of U.S. Probationers and Parolees

Predictive Validity of the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-Entry Among Intimate Partner Violence Offenders

Examining the Contribution of Responsivity Factors to the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry

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