Predicting Outcomes of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Patients with Affective and Neurotic Disorders

Abstract

An attempt was made to predict outcomes following group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for patients with affective and neurotic disorders. A group of 348 patients at a private psychiatric clinic, treated in a group CBT program, completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) before and after treatment. Prior to treatment, data from the Locus of Control of Behavior (LCB), a Global Assessment of Function (GAF), the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS), and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSE) were also collected. Results indicated that posttreatment stress scores of all patients were predicted by pretreatment stress and self-esteem. Among patients with neurotic disorders, posttreatment anxiety was predicted by initial anxiety and self-esteem whereas among patients with affective disorders, posttreatment anxiety scores were predicted by initial anxiety and GAF. For patients with neurotic disorders, self-esteem did not predict variance in posttreatment depression in addition to that explained by pretreatment depression. In contrast, for patients with affective disorders, pretreatment depression and Locus of Control predicted posttreatment depression.

Efficacy of Transdiagnostic Treatments: A Review of Published Outcome Studies and Future Research Directions

“…In a comparison study, these measures could assess the degree to which unified treatments are more or less effective at shifting common and distinct factors of emotional disorders compared to diagnosisspecific measures. Other common factors have been measured, such as neuroticism, perceived control, self-esteem, and emotion regulation skills (Allen, McHugh, & Barlow, 2008;Craske et al, 2007;Hooke & Page, 2002). Hooke and Page explored the predictive utility of locus of control and self-esteem for those with anxiety or mood disorders and found evidence for both common and specific influences.…”

“…As noted earlier, Erickson et al found that only patients with panic disorder changed more than wait-list controls on the BAI. Manning et al (1994) and Hooke and Page (2002) evaluated outcomes from an intensive 2-week day program for diagnostically heterogeneous patients (i.e., mainly affective and anxiety disorders, although Manning et al included patients with psychosis and other diagnoses). This program included cognitive therapy with self-monitoring, behavioral assignments to challenge thoughts and beliefs, realistic goal-setting, assertion skill training, psychoeducation, stress management, lifestyle issues, relaxation, and a supporters' session for significant others (e.g., spouse).…”

Outcomes for Depressed and Anxious Inpatients Discharged Before or After Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy

“…Given that most of the patients were suffering from mood or anxiety disorders, the chief dependent variables were symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995). Furthermore, because additional variance in anxiety and depression is predicted by self-esteem and the degree to which people believe their behavior is caused by factors external to themselves (i.e., locus of control of behavior; see Hooke and Page, 2002), the extent of change on these two variables was also measured.…”

When Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy Works and When It Doesn't: Clinical Data Mining on Good and Poor CBGT Outcomes for Depression and Anxiety Among Hong Kong Chinese

“…Not surprisingly, pretreatment symptom severity is the most consistent negative predictor of treatment outcome in CBGT. Specific measures such as poor overall functioning and social adjustment, low perceived mastery/low self-efficacy, absence of intimate relationship, and suicidal ideation were associated with poor treatment outcomes (Hamilton & Dobson, 2002;Hoberman, Lewinsohn, & Tilson, 1988;Hooke & Page, 2002;Kavanagh & Wilson, 1989;McDermut et al, 2001).…”