Predicting Obesity in Young Adulthood from Childhood and Parental Obesity

Whitaker, Robert C.; Wright, Jeffrey A.; Pepe, Margaret S.; Seidel, Kristy; Dietz, William H.

doi:10.1056/nejm199709253371301

Cited by 3,685 publications

(2,711 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In consistency to recent evidence, 11,14,45 the present study indicates that children having an overweight father were 1.4-1.8 times more likely for being overweight at almost all age groups. A positive family history of overweight and obesity is an important indicator of the genetic risk for being overweight in childhood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Perinatal predictors of overweight at infancy and preschool childhood: the GENESIS study

2007

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Objective: To identify those perinatal parameters and characteristics predisposing children to an increased risk of overweight during infancy and preschool years. Design: The analyses were performed using data from the Growth, Exercise and Nutrition Epidemiological Study In preSchoolers. Subjects: A representative sample of 2374 Greek preschoolers 1-5 years old. Measurements: Anthropometric data, such as body weight, recumbent length and standing height, were obtained by using standard procedures and measuring equipment. Structured interviews were conducted with both parents to collect information on anthropometric, demographic, medical and behavioral data. Finally, children's anthropometric data at birth, 6 and 12 months of age were recorded from their birth certificates and medical records. Results: Children born large for gestational age were 4.59 and 2.19 times more likely for being overweight at 6 and 12 months of age, respectively, than children born appropriate for gestational age. On the other hand, children that were exclusively breastfed were 0.49 and 0.54 times less likely for being overweight at 6 and 12 months of age, respectively, than children that were exclusively formula fed. Furthermore, 3-to 5-year-old children born to mothers who were both active and passive smokers during pregnancy were 1.79 times more likely of being overweight compared to children born to nonsmoking mothers. Finally, having an overweight father significantly increased the likelihood of childhood overweight at 12 months, 1-3 and 3-5 years of age. Conclusion: Our findings showed that some of the perinatal parameters and characteristics examined in the current study predict overweight at infancy, while others at preschool years. Priority should be given to size at birth, breastfeeding, maternal smoking during pregnancy and parental overweight, when developing public health strategies to reduce the prevalence of childhood overweight and related chronic disease later in life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Perinatal predictors of overweight at infancy and preschool childhood: the GENESIS study

2007

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“…One explanation could be rules and norms related to food / eating practices (for example, food quality, eating etiquette) as well as availability and access to various foods. 26 The balance between food quality and quantity is related to socioeconomic position, employment type and lifestyle factors. 27 However, socioeconomic position was not measured in this study and therefore cannot be taken into account in the analyses, because of the study design .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother employment status and nutritional patterns in Japanese junior high schoolchildren

Gaina¹,

Sekine

Chandola³

et al. 2009

Int J Obes

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Aims: To investigate associations between mothers' employment (full, part time and no employment) and nutrition habits (regularity of breakfast, snack, dinner, meal speed and portion size) in a sample of Japanese junior high schoolchildren, 12-13 years of age. Methods: A total of 10 453 children aged 12-13 years from the Toyama birth cohort study (fourth phase) participated, of whom 8906 children (89% response rate) responded to all questions related to the examined variables. Nutrition habits consisted of breakfast, snack, dinner, meal speed and meal portion. Children's obesity/overweight was measured by body mass index (BMI). Results: Fathers' employment had no effect on their children's nutrition patterns. Children of full-time employed mothers were the most likely to snack and to skip dinner. Children of part-time employed mothers ate larger meal portions, and those of nonemployed mothers reported faster meal speeds. BMI was significantly (Po0.001) higher among children of full-time employed mothers (19.3), and lowest among non-employed mothers (19.00). Children of full-time employed mothers are more likely to be overweight, but not obese compared with other children. Conclusion: There was a strong relationship between mother's employment and nutrition patterns in this cohort of Japanese schoolchildren; special programs focused on children's nutrition patterns should take into account the mothers' employment status.

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“…Due to the register-character of our study it was restricted to subjects receiving medication for Type 2 diabetes, therefore diet-treated diabetic subjects are not included. We do not know the adult BMI of our subjects, but BMI in adolescence is known to be strongly associated with adult BMI [11]. Our study was restricted to men and women who were born in Helsinki University Central Hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early adiposity rebound in childhood and risk of Type 2 diabetes in adult life

Eriksson¹,

et al. 2003

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Aims/hypothesis. Type 2 diabetes is associated with a small body size at birth and a high BMI in adult life. The aim of our study was to assess the associations between Type 2 diabetes and birth size, infant growth and age at adiposity rebound. Methods. We carried out a longitudinal study of 8760 subjects born in Helsinki during 1934 to 1944. On average, they had 18 measurements of height and weight between birth and 12 years of age. In western countries BMI usually decreases after the age of 2 years and rises again at around 6 years -the socalled adiposity rebound. We defined age at adiposity rebound by the age of lowest BMI between one and 12 years. We identified people with Type 2 diabetes using a national register.Results. A total of 290 individuals developed Type 2 diabetes in adult life. The cumulative incidence of Type 2 diabetes decreased progressively from 8.6% in persons whose adiposity rebound occurred before the age of 5 years to 1.8% in those in whom it occurred after 7 years (p<0.001). Early adiposity rebound was preceded by low weight gain between birth and 1 year (p<0.001). Conclusion/interpretation. Large differences in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes are associated with growth rates in utero, weight gain in infancy and age at adiposity rebound. [Diabetologia (2003) 46:190-194]

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Predicting Obesity in Young Adulthood from Childhood and Parental Obesity

Cited by 3,685 publications

References 28 publications

Perinatal predictors of overweight at infancy and preschool childhood: the GENESIS study

Perinatal predictors of overweight at infancy and preschool childhood: the GENESIS study

Mother employment status and nutritional patterns in Japanese junior high schoolchildren

Early adiposity rebound in childhood and risk of Type 2 diabetes in adult life

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