Predicting NOx Emissions from Wood Stoves using Detailed Chemistry and Computational Fluid Dynamics

Bugge, Mette; Skreiberg, Øyvind; Haugen, Nils Erland L.; Carlsson, Per; Seljeskog, Morten

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.446

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…4 million elements. According to [5,8,10], for modeling combustion processes, the Finite-Rate/Eddy-Dissipation model [11] was used with the system of Equations (1)-(6): a two-variant turbulence model k-ε, where k is the turbulence kinetic energy, and ε is the dissipation rate [11], and radiation model DO [11]. A deciduous wood, hornbeam, was assumed as the fuel both during the experiment and in the simulation.…”

Section: Calculations and Experimental Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of numerical modeling of combustion processes and heat exchange in heating installations with manual fuel loading solves a number of problems related to the work cycle and the lack of automation of the process itself. The authors of [8][9][10] suggest a different method of numerical calculation for fireplaces up to 20 kW. Some authors [9] proposed only calculating the flow with the heat exchange where the wood logs are treated as a source of gas and heat, arguing that heat transfer is key to the final efficiency of the heating device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors [9] proposed only calculating the flow with the heat exchange where the wood logs are treated as a source of gas and heat, arguing that heat transfer is key to the final efficiency of the heating device. Utilizing only gas reactions in the fireplace is considered in [10]. This simplification can be correct with the assumption that the wood consists of 70-80% volatile parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A New Design for Wood Stoves Based on Numerical Analysis and Experimental Research

Motyl

Wikło

Bukalska³

et al. 2020

Energies

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This work proposes a comprehensive approach to modifying the design of wood stoves with a heating power up to 20 kW, including design works, simulations, and experimental research. The work is carried out in two stages. In the first part, a numerical model is proposed of the fireplace insert including fluid flow, the chemical combustion reaction, and heat exchange (FLUENT software is applied to solve the problem). The results of the simulation were compared with the experiment carried out on the test bench. A comparison of the experimental and numerical results was made for the temperature distribution along with the concentration of CO, CO2, and O2. Construction changes were proposed in the second stage, together with numerical simulations whose goal was an increase in the efficiency of the heating devices. The results obtained show that the average temperature in the chimney flue, which has a low value that is a determinant of the higher efficiency of the heating devices, was reduced relative to the initial design of the fireplace intake by 11%–16% in all cases. The retrofit enhanced stable heat release from the wood stove, which increased the efficiency and reduced the harmful components of combustion.

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Section: Calculations and Experimental Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A New Design for Wood Stoves Based on Numerical Analysis and Experimental Research

Motyl

Wikło

Bukalska³

et al. 2020

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Burning of fossil fuels releases nitrogen oxide gases which disturbs the natural nitrogen cycle, increasing the number of nitrogen gases in the atmosphere. This Adding biomass energy did slightly increase the eutrophication because the burning of wood does also emit NOx gases (Buggea, Skreiberg, Haugen, Carlsson, & Seljeskog, 2015) Even though the quantity of these gases is less than the ones emitted by fossil fuels, it still results in increasing the presence of eutrophication by 1%.…”

Section: Eutrophicationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Plant Varying Electricity Power Sources. (c2020)

Nassar¹

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Wastewater treatment is an essential life process that enhances water quality as population and urbanization are increasing proportionally. The increase in population alongside the increase of wastewater treatment plants’ significance, lead to an increase in electricity demand to power the plants. All the mentioned factors together spell negative impacts on the environment that need to be mitigated urgently. Applying a life cycle assessment (LCA) for the process becomes essential. This study evaluates the LCA of a wastewater treatment plant in Nabatieh, South Lebanon. The studied treatment includes a preliminary stage, an oxidation ditch, and UV disinfection. The plant is powered by a source that is solely dependent on diesel combustion. The assessment is conducted using the software SimaPro 9.0 following ISO 14040 standards. Using CML-IA method several impact categories studied such as abiotic depletion of fossil fuels, global warming, and abiotic depletion of material in general. As a result, electricity showed the highest contributing factor on most of the impact categories. Moreover, the most affected category was the global warming. To reduce this impact, several scenarios were considered for powering the plant. The scenarios include alternative combinations of renewable (solar, wind, and hydroelectric energy) and non-renewable (natural gas, crude oil, and biomass) energy sources. Five different alternatives were compared. Result comparison showed that the scenario that depends on 53% fossil fuels, 45% several renewable energy sources, and 2% biomass, has the most enhancement on the most affected category which is the global warming and several others. However, due to renewable sources’ initial demand of material, it showed a deterioration in the effect of the abiotic depletion of material category. Also, other categories, such as freshwater ecotoxicity, were affected by the construction phase and wastes disposed during the transition to renewable energy sources. This interpretation is considering the environmental impact without the economic aspect. When introducing the economic aspect, the same scenario is the most expensive and costly one. This paper does not give a conclusive optimal solution, considering the Lebanese economic situation, yet it shows that it is possible to reach an improvement of 80% and more in certain sectors when introducing renewable energy sources.

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Effect of the air flows ratio on energy behavior and NOx emissions from a top-lit updraft biomass cookstove

Muñoz,

Gutiérrez,

Pérez

2023

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Biomass as an energy source for three-stone cookfires is commonly used for cooking and heating rural and isolated households in developing countries; therefore, indoor air quality decreases. In this work, the effect of the air flows ratio (combustion air/gasification air, CA/GA: 2.8, 3.0, and 3.2), and the start type, cold (CS), and hot (HS), on the energy behavior and emissions from a forced-draft top-lit updraft (TLUD) cookstove, using wood pellets as fuel, is studied. Furthermore, the gasification process was thermodynamically characterized. The TLUD cookstove assessment was carried out following a modified water boiling test (WBT). The highest thermal efficiency of the cookstove was 26.74%. The lowest specific CO, NOx, and total suspended particle matter (TSPM) emissions were 1.8 g/MJd, 106 mg/MJd, and 78.32 mg/MJd, respectively; this was attributed to a proper mixture between the producer gas and the combustion air. The gasification process showed a better energy yield under the hot start due to the preheating induced in the cookstove reactor. The optimal values of the producer gas heating value (LHVpg), cold gas efficiency (CGE), and the biochar yield (Ychar) were 3.53 MJ/Nm3, 58.61%, and 12.49%, respectively. Here, an opposite effect was found for the air flows ratios assessed. The cookstove behavior improved as the mixture between CA and GA was suitable, achieving the maximum at CA/GA = 3.0. However, the NOx emissions increased with the increment of CA/GA ratios (from 2.8 to 3.2). Therefore, future works must address the NOx emission reduction without penalizing performance or permanent emissions from the TLUD cookstoves.

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Predicting NOx Emissions from Wood Stoves using Detailed Chemistry and Computational Fluid Dynamics

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

A New Design for Wood Stoves Based on Numerical Analysis and Experimental Research

A New Design for Wood Stoves Based on Numerical Analysis and Experimental Research

Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Plant Varying Electricity Power Sources. (c2020)

Effect of the air flows ratio on energy behavior and NOx emissions from a top-lit updraft biomass cookstove

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