Predicting Norovirus in the United States Using Google Trends: Infodemiology Study

Yuan, Kai; Huang, Guangrui; Wang, Lepeng; Wang, Ting; Liu, Wenbin; Jiang, Haixu; Yang, Albert C.

doi:10.2196/24554

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…En 30% de las publicaciones se abordan temas infecciosos, especialmente la Covid-19 [41][42][43][44][45][46] , destacando la relación de la sintomatología para detectar la infección. Así también cobra importancia GT para detectar brotes como los de Norovirus y salmonellosis 38,40 .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Google Trends en Gastroenterología

V.¹,

V.²

2022

Gastroenterol. latinoam.

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Google Trends (GT) is an online portal that provides data on user search patterns. It is currently widely used in the vast majority of medical specialties. Objective: to analyze publications in gastroenterology that have used GT as an epidemiological tool. Methods: Using PubMed, Lilacs, Google Schoolar Academic and Scopus, we searched for gastroenterology articles that contained GT in their title or abstract between the years 2011 to 2021. Titles/abstracts had to also include at least one out of 49 terms related to digestive diseases from symptoms to treatments. Results: The 30 articles selected addressed topics such as symptoms, different pathologies including infectious, diagnostic methods and diets, among others. Conclusions: GT is a very useful tool to measure what people search for on the Internet and allows us to detect epidemic outbreaks, evaluate the impact of the days dedicated to some pathology as well as the impact of publications on the network of the public and doctors.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Google Trends en Gastroenterología

V.¹,

V.²

2022

Gastroenterol. latinoam.

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“…This work contributes to the growing literature on infodemiology , which seeks to employ search engine data in the service of health information seeking, forecasting, and surveillance [ 35 ]. Previous research has covered a wide variety of infectious diseases such as influenza [ 36 ], dengue [ 37 ], norovirus [ 38 ], COVID-19 [ 39 ], and sexually transmitted infections [ 40 ], as well as other topics like cancer [ 22 , 23 ], dementia [ 18 ], and mental health [ 20 ]. Among the limited literature exploring HIV/AIDS with internet search data, the methodology is often restricted to qualitative [ 41 ] or parametric methodology [ 42 ], with limited research on Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for HIV and AIDS Health Information in South Africa, 2004-2019: Analysis of Google and Wikipedia Search Trends

Okunoye¹,

Ning²,

Jemielniak³

2022

JMIR Form Res

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Background AIDS, caused by HIV, is a leading cause of mortality in Africa. HIV/AIDS is among the greatest public health challenges confronting health authorities, with South Africa having the greatest prevalence of the disease in the world. There is little research into how Africans meet their health information needs on HIV/AIDS online, and this research gap impacts programming and educational responses to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Objective This paper reports on how, in general, interest in the search terms “HIV” and “AIDS” mirrors the increase in people living with HIV and the decline in AIDS cases in South Africa. Methods Data on search trends for HIV and AIDS for South Africa were found using the search terms “HIV” and “AIDS” (categories: health, web search) on Google Trends. This was compared with data on estimated adults and children living with HIV, and AIDS-related deaths in South Africa, from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, and also with search interest in the topics “HIV” and “AIDS” on Wikipedia Afrikaans, the most developed local language Wikipedia service in South Africa. Nonparametric statistical tests were conducted to support the trends and associations identified in the data. Results Google Trends shows a statistically significant decline (P<.001) in search interest for AIDS relative to HIV in South Africa. This trend mirrors progress on the ground in South Africa and is significantly associated (P<.001) with a decline in AIDS-related deaths and people living longer with HIV. This trend was also replicated on Wikipedia Afrikaans, where there was a greater interest in HIV than AIDS. Conclusions This statistically significant (P<.001) association between interest in the search terms “HIV” and “AIDS” in South Africa (2004-2019) and the number of people living with HIV and AIDS in the country (2004-2019) might be an indicator that multilateral efforts at combating HIV/AIDS—particularly through awareness raising and behavioral interventions in South Africa—are bearing fruit, and this is not only evident on the ground, but is also reflected in the online information seeking on the HIV/AIDS pandemic. We acknowledge the limitation that in studying the association between Google search interests on HIV/AIDS and cases/deaths, causal relationships should not be drawn due to the limitations of the data.

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“…Increasing search interest about a particular disease represents the development of an epidemic and limited knowledge of the disease [ 12 ]; therefore, it can be used to provide clinical epidemiologists with timely alerts of disease outbreaks or changes in treatment regimens with much earlier response than traditional health epidemiology [ 13 ]. Online search activity reflects matters of concern in a population, and the Google Trend Index (GTI) is a widely used indicator to observe public reactions and predict the trend of an epidemic [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. However, a study analyzing the trend of online search activity in Google and its associations with the mpox epidemic at the global and national levels is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Online Search Activity and the Correlation with Daily New Cases of Monkeypox among 102 Countries or Territories

Qin

Yan

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Research assessing the trend in online search activity on monkeypox (mpox) and the correlation with the mpox epidemic at the global and national level is scarce. The trend of online search activity and the time-lag correlations between it and daily new mpox cases were estimated by using segmented interrupted time-series analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient (rs), respectively. We found that after the declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), the proportion of countries or territories with increasing changes in online search activity was lowest in Africa (8.16%, 4/49), and a downward trend in online search activity was highest in North America (8/31, 25.81%). The time-lag effect of global online search activity on daily new cases was significant (rs = 0.24). There were eight countries or territories with significant time-lag effect; the top three countries or territories were Brazil (rs = 0.46), United States (rs = 0.24), and Canada (rs = 0.24). Interest behavior in mpox was insufficient, even after the declaration of PHEIC, especially in Africa and North America. Online search activity could be used as an early indicator of the outbreak of mpox at the global level and in epidemic countries.

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Predicting Norovirus in the United States Using Google Trends: Infodemiology Study

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Google Trends en Gastroenterología

Google Trends en Gastroenterología

Searching for HIV and AIDS Health Information in South Africa, 2004-2019: Analysis of Google and Wikipedia Search Trends

Trends in Online Search Activity and the Correlation with Daily New Cases of Monkeypox among 102 Countries or Territories

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