Predicting nitrogen mineralization from organic amendments: beyond C/N ratio by 13C-CPMAS NMR approach

Bonanomi, Giuliano; Sarker, Tushar C.; Zotti, Maurizio; Cesarano, Gaspare; Allevato, Emilia; Mazzoleni, Stefano

doi:10.1007/s11104-019-04099-6

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Despite the high C/N ratio, biochar does not induce short-term N immobilization [49] because of the recalcitrant nature of pyrogenic carbon that does not support microbe development [47]. However, in the long-term the observed disease suppression could be related to the development of a suppressive microbiome thank to the porous structure of biochar that protects bacteria and fungi from grazers and abiotic stress like drought [48].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maize litter is rich with sugars and cellulose but poor of N, while glucose is readily consumed by the majority of soil microbes. As a result, these OAs induces a rapid, but short-term N immobilization [49]. Then, after 3 days of incubation, R. solani could take advantage of the available carbon source for growth, causing a severe damping-off.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…C/N ratio is a common indicator of OAs chemical characteristics, and previously used to predict their agronomic impact. However, recent studies demonstrate the poor capability of this parameter to predict soil functions like aggregate stability, N mineralization and litter decomposition [49]. The greatest weakness of the C/N ratio lies in the fact that it refers only to the total amount of organic carbon, not defining its chemical composition, which could range from sugars to aromatic fractions as occur in lignin-rich OAs or biochar.…”

Section: In Search Of Chemical Predictors Of Disease Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decomposition and organic amendments chemistry explain contrasting effects on plant growth promotion and suppression of Rhizoctonia solani damping off

et al. 2020

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Organic Amendments (OAs) has been used in agroecosystems to promote plant growth and control diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. However, the role of OAs chemistry and decomposition time on plant growth promotion and disease suppression is still poorly explored. In this work, we studied the effect of 14 OAs at four decomposition ages (3, 30, 100, and 300 days) on the plant-pathogen system Lactuca sativa-Rhizoctonia solani. OAs chemistry was characterized via 13 C-CPMAS NMR spectroscopy as well as for standard chemical (i.e. N content, pH, EC) and biological parameters (i.e. phytotoxicity and R. solani proliferation bioassay). OAs have shown variable effects, ranging from inhibition to stimulation of Lactuca sativa and Lepidium sativum growth. We recorded that N rich OAs with high decomposability were conducive in the short-term, while converting suppressive in the long term (300 days). On the other hand, cellulose-rich OAs with high C/N ratio impaired L. sativa growth but were more consistent in providing protection from damping-off, although this property has significantly shifted during decomposition time. These results, for the first time, highlight a consistent trade-off between plant growth promotion and disease control capability of OAs. Finally, we found that OAs effects on growth promotion and disease protection can be hardly predictable based on the chemical characteristic, although N content and some 13 C CPMAS NMR regions (alkyl C, methoxyl C, and carbonyl C) showed some significant correlations. Therefore, further investigations are needed to identify the mechanism(s) behind the observed suppressive and conducive effects and to identify OAs types and application timing that optimize plant productivity and disease suppression in different agroecosystems.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Search Of Chemical Predictors Of Disease Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decomposition and organic amendments chemistry explain contrasting effects on plant growth promotion and suppression of Rhizoctonia solani damping off

et al. 2020

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“…In residue plant, considering 13 C-CPMAS NMR spectral regions [21], observed that the carbonyl C and N-alkyl and methoxyl C regions had the most significant positive correlation with N mineralization, while the di-O-alkyl C and O-alkyl C were strongly associated with N immobilization. This study demonstrates that the biochemical quality of organic C defined by 13C-CPMAS NMR is capable of predicting N dynamic pattern better than C/N ratio.…”

Section: Nitrogen Mineralization and Immobilization In The Agriculturmentioning

confidence: 98%

Organic Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems

Silva¹,

Melo²,

Sombra³

et al. 2020

Nitrogen Fixation

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This work summarizes information about organic nitrogen (N) in the agricultural system. The organic N forms in soils have been studied by identifying and quantifying the released organic compounds when soils are acid treated at high temperature, in which the following organic N fractions are obtained: hydrolyzable total N, subdivided into hydrolyzable NH 4 + -N, amino sugars-N, amino acids-N, and unidentified-N and acid insoluble N, a fraction that remains associated with soil minerals after acid hydrolysis. Nitrogen mineralization and immobilization are biochemical processes in nature. This chapter summarizes how these processes occur in the agricultural system. Then, soluble organic nitrogen (SON), volatilization and denitrification processes, and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) as a key component of the nitrogen cycle and how it makes N available to plants are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the use of organic fertilizers as N source to satisfy the worldwide demand for organic foods produced without synthetic inputs.

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“…The C:N ratio (or C:P ratio) is probably the most simple metric for eco-functionality with regard to nutrient supply. As a rule of thumb, decomposition of SOM with a C:N ratio < 30 is supposed to produce mineral N (Bonanomi et al 2019b). The general usefulness of the C:N ratio derives from the fact that high litter N and low litter lignin are usually correlated (Dias et al 2017;Freschet et al 2012) and hence that organic inputs with C:N < 30 are both rapidly degraded and release sufficient N per unit C degraded.…”

Section: Nutrient Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-functionality of organic matter in soils

et al. 2020

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Background Soil organic matter (SOM) supports multiple soil ecosystem functions, underpinned by processes such as C sequestration, N mineralization, aggregation, promotion of plant health and compound retention. We know little about the relationship between these functions and SOM quality. Scope We aimed to develop “eco-functionality” as a framework to address questions on the relation between SOM properties and soil ecosystem functions. Conclusions Paradigm shifts in SOM research have not led to metrics for eco-functionality beyond decomposability and C:N ratio. Recalcitrant OM is under-researched despite its essential role in aggregation and C sequestration, especially in C-saturated soils. Most soil functions are dependent on SOM decomposition and require labile compounds. We conclude that eco-functionality is context-dependent and needs to take time scales into account. We plea for attempts to link operationally defined SOM fractions to functions in order to make SOM research more applicable.

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Predicting nitrogen mineralization from organic amendments: beyond C/N ratio by 13C-CPMAS NMR approach

Cited by 47 publications

References 45 publications

Decomposition and organic amendments chemistry explain contrasting effects on plant growth promotion and suppression of Rhizoctonia solani damping off

Decomposition and organic amendments chemistry explain contrasting effects on plant growth promotion and suppression of Rhizoctonia solani damping off

Organic Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems

Eco-functionality of organic matter in soils

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