“…Our results also showed that gender, education grade, the number of daily received/sent text messages, and being awakened at night to use MP were significant predictors of poor mental health. Similar with those found in previous studies (Augner & Hacker, ; Hung, Yang, Chang, Chiang, & Chen, ; Kowalski & Limber, ; Santini et al., ), female students with MP overuse had 1.5 times poorer mental health compared to the male students. In some other studies, despite more excessive level of MP use among male students, in proportion to the female counterparts, there was no significant level of poor mental health among the male students (Bianchi & Phillips, ; Mazaheri et al., ; Zulkefly & Baharudin, ).…”