Predicting Media Use in Very Young Children: The Role of Demographics and Parent Attitudes

Cingel, Drew P.; Krcmar, Marina

doi:10.1080/10510974.2013.770408

Cited by 113 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Several studies have indeed indicated relationships with parents mediation strategies (e.g., Nevski & Siibak, 2016a, 2016bNikken & Schols, 2015;Vaala, 2014). In families where parents are critical about media, children's media use often is limited and restricted (e.g., Cingel & Krcmar, 2013;Nikken & Jansz, 2014;Valkenburg et al, 1999). Thus, parents will be more negative about media in lower use families (H 2e ) and more easily apply restrictive mediation on their children's media use (H 2f ).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Also, children in lower educated, low income families have more devices in their bedrooms (e.g., Cingel & Krcmar, 2013;Gentile & Walsh, 2002;Rideout & Hamel, 2006). Therefore, there will be more devices at home and in the child's bedroom in families where parents and children make more use of media (H 2a ) and high use families will rather consist of lower educated or lower income families than higher educated, high income families (H 2b ).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, there will be more devices at home and in the child's bedroom in families where parents and children make more use of media (H 2a ) and high use families will rather consist of lower educated or lower income families than higher educated, high income families (H 2b ). Next, in single parent families young children make more use of media, both educational and non-educational (Cingel & Krcmar, 2013;Vandewater et al, 2007), but this could also be related to the parent's media use. Single parents experience more stress in parenting (McLoyd, 1998), are usually less involved in their children's media use (Warren, 2005) and are less restrictive on their children's media time and content choices (Gentile, Nathanson, Rasmussen, Reimer, & Walsh, 2012).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, single parents may not only more often allow their children to own and use media devices, but to use media more often to entertain themselves, therefore comprising higher use families (H 2c ). Then, older children consume more media than younger children (e.g., Anand & Krosnick, 2005;Lauricella et al, 2015), but the sooner young children start using media as part of their daily routine at home, the more mediatelevision in particular -they will consume when they get older (Cingel & Krcmar, 2013). Since, the presence of siblings makes the daily use of entertainment (non-educational) media among preschool-aged children more likely (Cingel & Krcmar, 2013), this could mean that parents in these bigger families allow a higher media use by their siblings in line with a higher use of media by themselves.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parental involvement in young children's media use, however, varies among families, depending on factors such as children's and parent's demographic characteristics, parental attitudes about the role of media for children, and the parent's and child's familiarity with the use of media devices and applications (e.g., Cingel & Krcmar, 2013;Nevski & Siibak, 2016a;Nikken, 2017). The extent to which parents use media themselves, has not received much attention in former parental mediation research, notwithstanding that parents are an important role model for their children, for example, cfr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Implications of low or high media use among parents for young children’s media use

Nikken¹

2017

Cyberpsychology

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Implications of low or high media use among parents for young children’s media use

Nikken¹

2017

Cyberpsychology

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Mobile Media Content Exposure and Toddlers’ Responses to Attention Prompts and Behavioral Requests

Webb,

Howard,

Garrison

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceWith personalized touch-screen tablets, young children can choose content and engage in play-like activities. However, tablets may also reduce shared engagement as the action of viewing or touching the screen is often not visible to nearby adults. This may impact communicative gazing and pointing, which is critical to the formation of shared awareness and in turn supports language development.ObjectiveTo assess the association of tablet media content with toddlers’ responses to joint attention prompts and behavioral requests.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study took place at a behavioral research laboratory and included toddlers who were aged 18 to 32 months with neurotypical development who were recruited from a volunteer and community sample. Toddlers engaged with a real toy or 3 different types of tablet content (ie, viewing video of toy play, playing with a digital toy, or playing a commercial game) while an experimenter delivered joint attention prompts. Data were acquired from June 2021 November XX 2022, and data analysis occurred from January 2023 to May 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes included child response to joint attention (number of prompts with joint attention response per number of prompts delivered) and child response to behavioral request (ie, the prompt on which the child responded to the behavioral request). Measures included crossed random effects, Wald tests, and likelihood ratio tests.ResultsIn this study, 63 toddlers were enrolled, and data from 62 were included (31 female [49%]; mean [SD] age, 26.1 [3.4] months; median [IQR] age, 25.0 [18.6-32.6] months). When toddlers were playing a commercial game on a tablet, they responded to fewer joint attention prompts (crossed random effects model, −0.15; 95% CI, −0.24 to −0.06 prompts) and male toddlers took longer to acknowledge a behavioral request (interaction of content and sex, −0.75; 95% CI, −1.36 to −0.17). The negative impact of the tablet game was larger as child age increased (τ = −2.30; 95% CI, −0.05 to 0; P = .03). Greater media use at home was associated with decreased responding to joint attention prompts during the tablet game (ρ = −0.47; P &lt; .001), while better language skills were associated with more joint attention during play with a real toy (ρ = 0.31; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, a touch-screen tablet game was associated with decreased joint attention among toddlers and they were less likely to respond to a behavioral request. In a laboratory setting, it was difficult for toddlers to engage in social-communicative interactions with adults when using a tablet media device.

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Preschoolers' beliefs about media technologies: The role of family income

Macias

Choi

2021

Human Behav and Emerg Tech

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Although a vast majority of U.S. children have access to mobile media such as smartphones at home, children from lower-income families spend more time using screen media than do their higher-income peers. Differences in early media experiences based on family income may influence how children think about media technologies. This study examined whether preschoolers' thinking about media varies by family income, with a focus on children's beliefs about the functions of media. Preschoolers (N = 55) aged 4-5 years old were presented with six photographs of different media (book, tablet, smartphone, TV, computer, and telephone) and asked to answer questions about identification, exposure, access, attribution of functions, and preferences regarding these media. Parental median income was estimated based on the family's residential zip code, and this was used to categorize children into lowerand higher-income groups. There were no significant differences between the lowerand higher-income groups in their identification of and exposure and access to these media. However, the lower-income group was more likely to say that smartphones could be used for learning than the higher-income group. Compared to the higherincome group, the lower-income group was more likely to attribute impossible functions to physical books such as talking to other people, taking pictures, or watching TV shows and movies. The lower-income group also attributed more functions than the higher-income group to books and tablets. Lastly, there was no income-group difference in children's preferences for media. Together, these findings suggest the importance of considering family contextual influences on children's understanding of media technologies.

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Predicting Media Use in Very Young Children: The Role of Demographics and Parent Attitudes

Cited by 113 publications

References 26 publications

Implications of low or high media use among parents for young children’s media use

Implications of low or high media use among parents for young children’s media use

Mobile Media Content Exposure and Toddlers’ Responses to Attention Prompts and Behavioral Requests

Preschoolers' beliefs about media technologies: The role of family income

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